Antagonistic Toxic Effects of Surfactants Mixtures to Bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Marine Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Metadatos
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Ríos Ruiz, Francisco; Lechuga Villena, Manuela María; Lobato-Guarnido, Ismael; Fernández Serrano, MercedesEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Toxicity Amine-oxide-based surfactants Ether carboxylic derivative surfactants Mixture Pseudomonas putida Phaeodactylum tricornutum Antagonism Model of toxic units
Fecha
2023-04-05Referencia bibliográfica
Ríos, F.; Lechuga, M.; Lobato-Guarnido, I.; Fernández-Serrano, M. Antagonistic Toxic Effects of Surfactants Mixtures to Bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Marine Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Toxics 2023, 11, 344. [https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040344]
Patrocinador
Ministry of Universities of the Spanish Government within the predoctoral grant FPU (Ayudas para la Formacion de Profesorado Universitario) FPU17/03354Resumen
Surfactants can be found in an ever-widening variety of products and applications, in
which the combination of several types of surfactants is used to reinforce their properties, looking for
synergistic effects between them. After use, they tend to be discarded into wastewater, ending up in
aquatic bodies with concerning harmful and toxic effects. The aim of this study is the toxicological
assessment of three anionic surfactants (ether carboxylic derivative, EC) and three amphoteric
surfactants (amine-oxide-based, AO), individually and in binary mixtures of them (1:1 w/w), to
bacteria Pseudomonas putida and marine microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Critical Micelle
Concentration (CMC) was determined to demonstrate the capacity to reduce surface tension and the
toxicity of the surfactants and mixtures. Zeta potential (ζ-potential) and micelle diameter (MD) were
also determined to confirm the formation of mixed surfactant micelles. The Model of Toxic Units
(MTUs) was used to quantify the interactions of surfactants in binary mixtures and to predict if the
concentration addition or response addition principle can be assumed for each mixture. The results
showed a higher sensitivity of microalgae P. tricornutum to the surfactants tested and their mixtures
than bacteria P. putida. Antagonism toxic effects have been detected in the mixture of EC + AO and in
one binary mixture of different AOs; this is to say, the mixtures showed lower toxicity than expected.