Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Total Fat and Fatty Acids, and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years: Results of the EsNuPI Study
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Madrigal, Casandra; Soto Méndez, María José; Lara Villoslada, Federico; Martínez de Victoria, Emilio; Ruiz López, María Dolores; Gil Hernández, ÁngelEditorial
Mdpi
Materia
EsNuPI study Dietary fats Fats Lipids Essential fatty acids Food sources Pediatric nutrition Spanish children Dairy products Fortified milk
Date
2020-08-16Referencia bibliográfica
Madrigal, C., Soto-Méndez, M. J., Leis, R., Hernández-Ruiz, Á., Valero, T., Lara Villoslada, F., ... & Varela-Moreiras, G. (2020). Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Total Fat and Fatty Acids, and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to< 10 Years: Results of the EsNuPI Study. Nutrients, 12(8), 2467. [doi:10.3390/nu12082467]
Sponsorship
Instituto Puleva de Nutricion (IPN) - dairy company LactalisAbstract
We aimed to determine the usual intake of total fat, fatty acids (FAs), and their main food
sources in a representative cohort of the Spanish pediatric population aged 1 to <10 years (n = 707)
who consumed all types of milk and an age-matched cohort who consumed adapted milk over the last
year (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing-up milk, and fortified and enriched milks)
(n = 741) who were participants in the EsNuPI study (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish
Pediatric Population). Dietary intake, measured through two 24 h dietary recalls, was compared to
the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN-FAO) recommendations. Both cohorts showed a high intake of saturated fatty acids
(SFAs), according to FAO recommendations, as there are no numerical recommendations for SFAs at
EFSA. Also, low intake of essential fatty acids (EFAs; linoleic acid (LA) and -linolenic acid (ALA))
and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) of the n-3 series, mainly docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA) were observed according to EFSA and FAO recommendations. The three main sources of
total fat and di erent FAs were milk and dairy products, oils and fats, and meat and meat products.
The consumption of adapted milk was one of the main factors associated with better adherence to
the nutritional recommendations of total fat, SFAs, EFAs, PUFAs; and resulted as the main factor
associated with better adherence to n-3 fatty acids intake recommendations. Knowledge of the dietary
intake and food sources of total fat and FAs in children could help in designing and promoting
e ective and practical age-targeted guidelines to promote the consumption of EFA- and n-3 PUFA-rich
foods in this stage of life.