High enhancement of sensitivity and reproducibility in label-free SARS-CoV-2 detection with graphene field-effect transistor sensors through precise surface biofunctionalization control
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Lozano Chamizo, Laura; Márquez González, Carlos; Marciello, Marzia; Galdón Gil, José Carlos; de la Fuente Zapico, Elsa; Martínez Mazón, Paula; González Rumayor, Víctor; Filice, Marco; Gámiz Pérez, Francisco JesúsEditorial
Elsevier
Materia
Graphene field effect transistor Biosensor Oriented immobilization
Date
2024-01-20Referencia bibliográfica
Lozano-Chamizo, Laura, et al. High enhancement of sensitivity and reproducibility in label-free SARS-CoV-2 detection with graphene field-effect transistor sensors through precise surface biofunctionalization control. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 250 (2024) 116040 [10.1016/j.bios.2024.116040]
Sponsorship
Comunidad de Madrid for the predoctoral grant IND2020/BIO-17523; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) for project No DTS20/00109 (AES20-ISCIII) and PI22/00789 (AES22-ISCIII); FEDER, “Una manera de hacer Europa”; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN); Pro CNIC Foundation; Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (grant CEX 2020-001041-S funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033); Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) for funding the METALBIO Research Network (reference: RED 2022-134091-T) and the project CPP2022-009952 (MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033, also funded by European Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR); Comunidad de Madrid for funding the REACT ANTICIPA-CM project; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) for project No DTS20/00038; Agencia Española de Investigación for research project PID 2021-128547OB-I00; Junta de Andalucía for research projects P18-RT-4826, PYC-020-RE-023UGR, A-TIC-628-UGR20 (FEDER)Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us valuable lessons, especially the urgent need for a widespread, rapid and
sensitive diagnostic tool. To this, the integration of bidimensional nanomaterials, particularly graphene, into
point-of-care biomedical devices is a groundbreaking strategy able to potentially revolutionize the diagnostic
landscape. Despite advancements in the fabrication of these biosensors, the relationship between their surface
biofunctionalization and sensing performance remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of
careful sensor fabrication and its precise surface biofunctionalization is crucial for exalting the sensing performances
of 2D biosensors. Specifically, we have biofunctionalized Graphene Field-Effect Transistor (GFET) sensors
surface through different biochemical reactions to promote either random/heterogeneous or oriented/homogeneous immobilization of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody. Each strategy was thoroughly
characterized by in-silico simulations, physicochemical and biochemical techniques and electrical characterization.
Subsequently, both biosensors were tested in the label-free direct titration of SARS-CoV-2 virus in simulated
clinical samples, avoiding sample preprocessing and within short timeframes. Remarkably, the oriented GFET
biosensor exhibited significantly enhanced reproducibility and responsiveness, surpassing the detection sensitivity
of conventional non-oriented GFET by more than twofold. This breakthrough not only involves direct
implications for COVID-19 surveillance and next pandemic preparedness but also clarify an unexplored mechanistic
dimension of biosensor research utilizing 2D-nanomaterials.