Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Flavan-3-ols Extraction from Avocado By-Products via Sonotrode Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
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Razola Díaz, María del Carmen; Verardo, Vito; Guerra Hernández, Eduardo Jesús; García Villanova Ruiz, Belén; Gómez Caravaca, Ana MaríaEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Avocado seed Avocado peel Flavan-3-ols Sonotrode Procyanidins
Date
2023-07-11Referencia bibliográfica
Razola-Díaz, M.d.C.; Verardo, V.; Guerra-Hernández, E.J.; García-Villanova Ruiz, B.; Gómez-Caravaca, A.M. Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Flavan-3-ols Extraction from Avocado By-Products via Sonotrode Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1409. [https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071409]
Sponsorship
SHEALTHY project, which receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant number 817936; The project RTI2018-099835-A-I00 financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER “Una manera Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1409 12 of 13 de hacer Europa”; Project Proyectos I + D + i del Programa Operativo FEDER 2020 cod. B-AGR-506-UGR20Abstract
Avocado peel and seed are the main by-products of avocado processing and are considered
as promising sources of phenolic compounds with biological activities. Thus, this research
focuses on the establishment, for the first time, of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavan-3-ols with
high antioxidant activity from avocado peel and seed using a sonotrode. Indeed, 2 Box–Behnken
designs were performed for 15 experiments, with each design having three independent factors (ratio
ethanol/water (v/v), time (min) and amplitude (%)). In both models, the responses included total
procyanidins (flavan-3-ols) measured via HPLC-FLD and antioxidant activity measured via DPPH,
ABTS and FRAP. The results showed that applying the sonotrode extraction method could increase
flavan-3-ols recovery by 54% and antioxidant activity by 62–76% compared to ultrasound bath technology.
Therefore, this technology was demonstrated to be a non-thermal, low time-consuming and
scalable method that allowed the recovery of flavan-3-ols from avocado by-products that could be
used as functional ingredients