Effectiveness of sponsoring the video assistant referee system: a comparative exploratory study

Abstract

Purpose – This study explores the effect of video assistant referee (VAR) sponsorship on spectator response and compares it with advertising and conventional sponsorship. Design/methodology/approach – An experiment with 809 subjects is conducted by analyzing 20 oneminute video clip stimuli from a Premier League soccer game divided into four formats: two formats of VAR sponsorship, advertising, and conventional sponsorship. Findings – The results show that the indicators of recall, credibility, and perceived congruence improve when the VAR sponsorship format is used. Originality/value – This is the firstmanuscript to examine the effectiveness of a newtype of sponsorship:VAR sponsorship. This manuscript provides metrics that will guide practitioners on whether to use this type of sponsorship.