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dc.contributor.authorAnguita Ruiz, Augusto
dc.contributor.authorZarza Rebollo, Juan Antonio 
dc.contributor.authorPérez Gutiérrez, Ana María
dc.contributor.authorMolina Rivas, Esther 
dc.contributor.authorGutiérrez Martínez, Blanca 
dc.contributor.authorMartín Pérez, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorTorres Martos, Álvaro
dc.contributor.authorLópez Isac, Elena
dc.contributor.authorCervilla Ballesteros, Jorge Antonio 
dc.contributor.authorRivera Sánchez, Margarita 
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-09T09:20:46Z
dc.date.available2022-02-09T09:20:46Z
dc.date.issued2022-01-24
dc.identifier.citationAnguita-Ruiz, A... [et al.]. Body mass index interacts with a genetic-risk score for depression increasing the risk of the disease in high-susceptibility individuals. Transl Psychiatry 12, 30 (2022). [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01783-7]es_ES
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10481/72734
dc.descriptionThis study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health, the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), and the European Regional Development Fund (grants PS09/02272, PS09/02147, PS09/01095, PS09/00849, PS09/00461, and PI12-02755); the Andalusian Council of Health (grant PI-0569-2010); the Spanish Network of Primary Care Research, redIAPP (grant RD06/ 0018); the Aragon group (grant RD06/0018/0020); the Bizkaya group (grant RD06/0018/0018); the Castilla-Leon group (grant RD06/0018/0027); the Mental Health Barcelona Group (grant RD06/0018/0017); the Mental Health, Services and Primary Care Malaga group (grant RD06/0018/0039); and the projects "PI18/00238" and "PI18/00467" funded by the Institute of Health Carlos III (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund "A way tomake Europe"/"Investing in your future"). This study was performed as part of a PhD thesis conducted within the Official Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine of the University of Granada, Spain. Augusto Anguita-Ruiz was supported by a Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Institute of Health Carlos III fellowship (IFI17/00048). Juan Antonio Zarza-Rebollo received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2017-082698). Ana M. Perez-Gutierrez was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Institute of Health Carlos III (FI19/00228). Elena Lopez-Isac received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion Program (IJC2019040080-I), and Margarita Rivera was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Ramon y Cajal Program (RYC-2014-15774). The authors thank the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), the Andalusian Council of Health and Andalusian Health Service (SAS), the Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), the Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), and the Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM) from the University of Granada for their economic and logistic support. The authors thank all the patients and General Practitioners who participated in the trial.es_ES
dc.description.abstractDepression is strongly associated with obesity among other chronic physical diseases. The latest mega- and meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies have identified multiple risk loci robustly associated with depression. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether a genetic-risk score (GRS) combining multiple depression risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) might have utility in the prediction of this disorder in individuals with obesity. A total of 30 depression-associated SNPs were included in a GRS to predict the risk of depression in a large case-control sample from the Spanish PredictD-CCRT study, a national multicentre, randomized controlled trial, which included 104 cases of depression and 1546 controls. An unweighted GRS was calculated as a summation of the number of risk alleles for depression and incorporated into several logistic regression models with depression status as the main outcome. Constructed models were trained and evaluated in the whole recruited sample. Non-genetic-risk factors were combined with the GRS in several ways across the five predictive models in order to improve predictive ability. An enrichment functional analysis was finally conducted with the aim of providing a general understanding of the biological pathways mapped by analyzed SNPs. We found that an unweighted GRS based on 30 risk loci was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression. Although the GRS itself explained a small amount of variance of depression, we found a significant improvement in the prediction of depression after including some non-genetic-risk factors into the models. The highest predictive ability for depression was achieved when the model included an interaction term between the GRS and the body mass index (BMI), apart from the inclusion of classical demographic information as marginal terms (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI = [0.65, 0.76]). Functional analyses on the 30 SNPs composing the GRS revealed an over-representation of the mapped genes in signaling pathways involved in processes such as extracellular remodeling, proinflammatory regulatory mechanisms, and circadian rhythm alterations. Although the GRS on its own explained a small amount of variance of depression, a significant novel feature of this study is that including non-genetic-risk factors such as BMI together with a GRS came close to the conventional threshold for clinical utility used in ROC analysis and improves the prediction of depression. In this study, the highest predictive ability was achieved by the model combining the GRS and the BMI under an interaction term. Particularly, BMI was identified as a trigger-like risk factor for depression acting in a concerted way with the GRS component. This is an interesting finding since it suggests the existence of a risk overlap between both diseases, and the need for individual depression genetics-risk evaluation in subjects with obesity. This research has therefore potential clinical implications and set the basis for future research directions in exploring the link between depression and obesityassociated disorders. While it is likely that future genome-wide studies with large samples will detect novel genetic variants associated with depression, it seems clear that a combination of genetics and non-genetic information (such is the case of obesity status and other depression comorbidities) will still be needed for the optimization prediction of depression in high-susceptibility individuals.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipInstituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish Government Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) European Commission PS09/02272 PS09/02147 PS09/01095 PS09/00849 PS09/00461 PI12-02755es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipAndalusian Council of Health PI-0569-2010es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipSpanish Network of Primary Care Research, redIAPP RD06/ 0018es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipGobierno de Aragon RD06/0018/0020es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipBizkaya group RD06/0018/0018es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipCastilla-Leon group RD06/0018/0027es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipMental Health Barcelona Group RD06/0018/0017es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipMental Health, Services and Primary Care Malaga group RD06/0018/0039es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipInstituto de Salud Carlos III PI18/00238 PI18/00467 FI19/00228es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund "A way tomake Europe"/"Investing in your future"es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry of Economy and Competitivenesses_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipInstitute of Health Carlos III fellowship IFI17/00048es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipSpanish Government BES-2017-082698es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion Program IJC2019040080-Ies_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry of Economy and Competitiveness Ramon y Cajal Program RYC-2014-15774es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipAndalusian Council of Healthes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipAndalusian Health Service (SAS)es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipPrimary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP)es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipBiomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA)es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipBiomedical Research Centre (CIBM) from the University of Granadaes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Commissiones_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherNaturees_ES
dc.rightsAtribución 3.0 España*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/*
dc.titleBody mass index interacts with a genetic-risk score for depression increasing the risk of the disease in high-susceptibility individualses_ES
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees_ES
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41398-022-01783-7
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiones_ES


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