Epidemiología de la fobia social en Andalucía

Abstract

Introducción: Los estudios poblacionales sobre trastorno de ansiedad social (TAS) son relativamente infrecuentes no habiendo información sobre prevalencia y correlatos del TAS en la población general andaluza. Material y métodos: Se estudió una muestra aleatoria y representativa de la población general andaluza identificada previamente por métodos estandarizados de estratificación. Así, se incluyeron un total de 4.507 participantes (tasa de respuesta el 83,7%) a los que se administró una batería de pruebas que incluyó: variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y psicosociales (acontecimientos vitales amenazantes, experiencia previa de abusos, presencia de trastorno de personalidad, rasgos de neuroticismo, impulsividad y paranoia, autonomía global, salud física, consumo de tóxicos). El diagnóstico de TAS se realizó con la MINI International Diagnostic Interview. Se identificaron prevalencias de TAS con un IC 95% y correlatos y comorbilidades con TAS testados mediante regresión logística binaria. Resultados: La prevalencia de TAS encontrada fue del 1,1% (IC 95% = 0,8-1,4). El diagnóstico de fobia social se asoció independiente y significativamente con una menor edad, menor nivel de autonomía global, presentar trastorno de personalidad, tener niveles más elevados de neuroticismo y de paranoia, haber sufrido maltrato en la infancia y haber tenido acontecimientos vitales amenazantes. Además, el TAS se asoció comórbidamente con depresión mayor, trastorno de pánico y abuso de alcohol. Conclusiones: La prevalencia y los factores asociados a TAS en la población andaluza son relativamente similares a los encontrados en estudios internacionales, aunque la asociación entre TAS y paranoia no había sido reportada anteriormente.

Introduction: Population studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD) are relatively scarce and there is no previous reported evidence on prevalence or correlates of SAD in an Andalusian general population sample. Material and methods: We used a random representative sample previously identified via standard stratification procedures. Thus, a final sample of 4507 participants were included (response rate 83.7%). Interviewees were thoroughly assessed on sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial factors, including: exposures to threatening life events (TLEs), childhood abuse, personality disorder and traits (neuroticism, impulsivity, paranoia), global functioning, physical health and toxics consumption. SAD diagnosis was ascertained using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Both, pooled prevalences (with 95% confidence intervals) and risk correlates for SAD were estimated using binary logistic regression. Results: Estimated prevalence for SAD was 1.1% (95%CI=0.8-1.4). Having a SAD diagnosis was independently and significantly associated with younger age, poorer global functioning, higher neuroticism and paranoia personality traits, having suffered childhood abuse and exposure to previous TLEs. Furthermore, SAD was significantly associated with comorbid personality disorder, major depression, panic disorder and alcohol abuse. Conclusions: Among this large Andalusian population sample, prevalence of SAD and its associated factors are relatively similar to previously reported international studies, although no population study had reported earlier such a strong association with paranoia.Introduction: Population studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD) are relatively scarce and there is no previous reported evidence on prevalence or correlates of SAD in an Andalusian general population sample. Material and methods: We used a random representative sample previously identified via standard stratification procedures. Thus, a final sample of 4507 participants were included (response rate 83.7%). Interviewees were thoroughly assessed on sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial factors, including: exposures to threatening life events (TLEs), childhood abuse, personality disorder and traits (neuroticism, impulsivity, paranoia), global functioning, physical health and toxics consumption. SAD diagnosis was ascertained using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Both, pooled prevalences (with 95% confidence intervals) and risk correlates for SAD were estimated using binary logistic regression. Results: Estimated prevalence for SAD was 1.1% (95%CI=0.8-1.4). Having a SAD diagnosis was independently and significantly associated with younger age, poorer global functioning, higher neuroticism and paranoia personality traits, having suffered childhood abuse and exposure to previous TLEs. Furthermore, SAD was significantly associated with comorbid personality disorder, major depression, panic disorder and alcohol abuse. Conclusions: Among this large Andalusian population sample, prevalence of SAD and its associated factors are relatively similar to previously reported international studies, although no population study had reported earlier such a strong association with paranoia.