The Impact of Plant-Based Dietary Patterns on Cancer-Related Outcomes: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis
Metadatos
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Molina Montes, María Ester; Salamanca Fernández, Elena; García Villanova Ruiz, Belén; Sanchez, Maria JoseEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Cancer Mortality Survival Vegan Vegetarianism Mediterranean diet Diet quality Plant-based food
Fecha
2020-07-06Referencia bibliográfica
Molina-Montes, E., Salamanca-Fernández, E., Garcia-Villanova, B., & Sánchez, M. J. (2020). The Impact of Plant-Based Dietary Patterns on Cancer-Related Outcomes: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 12(7), 2010. [doi:10.3390/nu12072010]
Patrocinador
CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica CIBERESPResumen
Long-term cancer survivors represent a sizeable portion of the population. Plant-based foods
may enhance the prevention of cancer-related outcomes in these patients. We aimed to synthesize
the current evidence regarding the impact of plant-based dietary patterns (PBDPs) on cancer-related
outcomes in the general population and in cancer survivors. Considered outcomes included overall
cancer mortality, cancer-specific mortality, and cancer recurrence. A rapid review was conducted,
whereby 2234 original articles related to the topic were identified via Pubmed/Medline. We selected
26 articles, which were classified into studies on PBDPs and cancer outcomes at pre-diagnosis:
vegan/vegetarian diet (N = 5), provegetarian diet (N = 2), Mediterranean diet (N = 13), and studies
considering the same at post-diagnosis (N = 6). Pooled estimates of the associations between the
aforementioned PBDPs and the different cancer outcomes were obtained by applying random effects
meta-analysis. The few studies available on the vegetarian diet failed to support its prevention potential
against overall cancer mortality when compared with a non-vegetarian diet (e.g., pooled hazard ratio
(HR) = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88–1.06). The insufficient number of studies evaluating
provegetarian index scores in relation to cancer mortality did not permit a comprehensive assessment
of this association. The association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cancer mortality
reached statistical significance (e.g., pooled HR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79–0.89). However, no study
considered the influence of prognostic factors on the associations. In contrast, post-diagnostic
studies accounted for prognostic factors when assessing the chemoprevention potential of PBDPs,
but also were inconclusive due to the limited number of studies on well-defined plant-based diets.
Thus, whether plant-based diets before or after a cancer diagnosis prevent negative cancer-related
outcomes needs to be researched further, in order to define dietary guidelines for cancer survivors.