Vitamin D Food Fortification and Nutritional Status in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Metadatos
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Brandão Lima, Paula Nascimento; Santos, Beatriz da Cruz; Aguilera García, Concepción María; Santos Freire, Analícia Rocha; Saquete Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo; Viana Pires, LilianeEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Enriched food Child Cholecalciferol Ergocalciferols Dairy products
Fecha
2019-11-14Referencia bibliográfica
Brandão-Lima, P. N., Santos, B. D. C., Aguilera, C. M., Freire, A. R. S., Martins-Filho, P. R. S., & Pires, L. V. (2019). Vitamin D Food Fortification and Nutritional Status in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 11(11), 2766.
Patrocinador
This research was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/MS/SCTIE/DECIT/DAB/CGAN), grant number 440809/2017-7. In part by the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. And by Unidad Científica de Excelencia Ejercicio y Salud (UCEES), University of Granada, Spain.Resumen
Children are in the risk group for developing hypovitaminosis D. Several strategies are used
to reduce this risk. Among these, fortification of foods with vitamin D (25(OH)D) has contributed to
the achievement of nutritional needs. This systematic review aims to discuss food fortification as a
strategy for maintenance or recovery of nutritional status related to vitamin D in children. The work
was developed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA) and registered in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO)
database (CRD42018052974). Randomized clinical trials with children up to 11 years old, who were
offered vitamin D-fortified foods, and who presented 25(OH)D concentrations were used as eligibility
criteria. After the selection stages, five studies were included, totaling 792 children of both sexes
and aged between two and 11 years. Interventions offered 300–880 IU of vitamin D per day, for a
period of 1.6–9 months, using fortified dairy products. In four of the five studies, there was an
increase in the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D with the consumption of these foods; additionally,
most children reached or maintained su ciency status. Moreover, the consumption of vitamin
D-fortified foods proved to be safe, with no concentrations of 25(OH)D > 250 nmol/L. Based on the
above, the fortification of foods with vitamin D can help maintain or recover the nutritional status of
this vitamin in children aged 2–11 years. However, it is necessary to perform additional randomized
clinical trials in order to establish optimal doses of fortification, according to the peculiarities of
each region.