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A paradigm shift in the governance of sustainable development: Citizens’ empowerment

[Word 2007] Chapter 5_Leal-Arcas.docx (51.47Kb)
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URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/56034
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Author
Leal-Arcas, Rafael
Editorial
Thompson/Reuters
Materia
Sustainable development
 
Citizens’ empowerment
 
Energy transition
 
Climate action
 
International trade
 
Date
2019
Referencia bibliográfica
ISBN: 978-84-9197-600-4
Abstract
This chapter examines a novel approach to sustainable development by focusing on the potential role of citizens in international trade, climate change mitigation, and sustainable energy. This chapter argues that this novel approach is crucial to reach sustainability. This chapter aims to explain the paradigm shift in the governance of sustainable development: the 20th century was characterized by a top-down approach to the governance of climate action (eg., the Kyoto Protocol), energy (eg., inter-governmental energy agreements), and international trade (eg., inter-governmental trade agreements). The 21st century, however, offers a bottom-up approach, marking one of the mega-trends of the 21st century: in climate action, the implementation of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change is done from the bottom up via citizens, NGOs, mayors, governors, businesses, or smart cities; in energy governance, we are observing energy democratization by decentralizing the governance of energy security and creating new energy actors, namely prosumers and renewable energy cooperatives.
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