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      Financiación
      The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support extended by the Spanish Innovation and Science Ministry for the projects: CGL2011-25363 and CGL2010-12140E. Roberto Román thanks Valladolid University for the support to research short stays and for the PIF-UVa grants for PhD students. This work was also partially supported by the Andalusian Regional Government through projects P08-RNM-3568 and P10-RNM-6299, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through projects CGL2010-18782 and CSD2007-00067, and by the European Union through ACTRIS project (EU INFRA- 2010-1.1.16-262254). [1]
      The authors want to acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Sciences and Technology FCT for grant SFRH/BD/47521/2008 and projects REDE/1527/RNG/ 2007 and PTDC/CTE-ATM/65307/2006. This work was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through projects CGL2010-18782, CSD2007-00067 and CGL2011-13580-E/CLI as well as by the EU through the ACTRIS project (EUINFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254). [1]
      The authors would like to acknowledge the excellent support provided by the Open Science for Synthesis-2014 training (supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCI-1216894) at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), a center funded by the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. The authors would like to thank OSS instructors Nancy Baron, Ben Bolker, Stephanie Hampton, Matthew Jones, Karthik Ram, Mark Schildhauer, and the participants of the OSS training. The authors would also like to thank the Goulden Lab at the University of California Irvines. A. J. Pérez-Luque acknowledges funding received by NCEAS and to MICINN (Spanish Government) for the PTA 2011-6322- I contract; D. P. Drucker acknowledges support from the USAID and the U.S. Department of State through the Sustainable Landscapes Brazil program; and M.G. Tulbure acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council Early Career Researcher Award (DE140101608). [1]
      The doctoral studies that led to this work were partially funded by Abengoa Research within the framework of a cooperation agreement between the company and the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Research Group of the University of Granada. [1]
      The European Space Agency under Contract No. ESA AO-2004-070, FWO grant 1523115 N (Belgium) [1]
      the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through project ACTRIS.IMP (grant agreement No 871115) [1]
      The financial support for EARLINET by the European Union under grant RICA 025991 in the Sixth Framework Programme is gratefully acknowledged. Since 2011 EARLINET has been integrated in the ACTRIS Research Infrastructure Project supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 262254. The authors acknowledge the ESA financial support under the ESRIN contract 21769/08/I-OL and 22202/09/I-EC. Additional financial support has been received from the Andalusia Regional Government through project P10-RNM-6299 and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through projects CGL2010-18782, and CSD2007-00067. [1]
      The financial support for EARLINET by the European Commission under grant RICA-025991 is gratefully acknowledged. This study was also funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) within the Research Group SAMUMunder grant FOR 539. [1]
      The Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MEC) throughout COEXMED II project (CGL2015-69118-C2-1-P) [1]
      the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) for support through project BIOCLOUD (RTI2018-101154-A-100) and INTEGRATYON3 (PID2020.117825GB.C21) [1]
      This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 654109, ACTRIS (project no. 262254), ACTRIS-PPP (project no. 739530). We thank the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations JFJ (Jungfraujoch) and Gornergrat (HFSJG), which made it possible to carry out the experiments at the High Altitude Research JFJ Station and the support of MeteoSwiss within the Swiss programme of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) of the WMO. The MAD (Madrid) station is co-financed by the PROACLIM (CGL2014-52877-R) project. The SMR (Hyytiälä) station acknowledges BACCHUS (project no. 603445), CRAICC (project no. 26060) and the Academy of Finland (project no. 3073314). The UGR (Granada) station is co-financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project CGL2016-81092-R. Measurements at MSY (Montseny) and MSA (Montsec) stations were supported by the MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness) and FEDER funds under the PRISMA project (CGL2012-39623-C02/00) and under the HOUSE project (CGL2016-78594-R), by the MAGRAMA (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment) and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2014 SGR33, AGAUR 2017 SGR41 and the DGQA). Measurements at IZO (Izaña) were supported by the AEROATLAN project (CGL2015-17 66229-P), co-funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and the European Regional Development Fund. Station KOS (Košetice) is supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the project to support the national research infrastructure ACTRIS – participation of the Czech Republic (ACTRIS-CZ – LM2015037). Measurements at PUY (Puy de Dôme) were partly supported by CNRS-INSU, University Clermont-Auvergne, OPGC and the french CLAP programme. The PAL (Pallas) station acknowledges KONE Foundation, Academy of Finland (project no. 269095 and no. 296302). CHC (Mt Chacaltaya) station received support from Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) under both Jeune Equipe programme attributed to LFA and support to ACTRIS-FR programme. CHC received grants from Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d'avenir – ANR10 LABX56). Marco Pandolfi is funded by a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RYC-2013-14036) awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The authors would like to express their gratitude to David Carslaw and Karl Ropkins for providing the OpenAir software used in this paper (Carslaw and Ropkins, 2012; Carslaw, 2012). We also thank the co-editor Andreas Petzold and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. [1]
      This research was financially supported by the Spanish Project CGL2015-65824 granted by the Spanish “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad” to J.A.P., the Ramón y Cajal Fellowship RYC-2015-17596 to J.M.G.-J. and a FPU Ph.D grant to N.P.-S. by the Ministerio de Educación of the Spanish Government. [1]
      This research was funded by the Andalusian regional government project GEOCARBO (P08-RNM-3721) and GLOCHARID, including European Union ERDF funds, with support from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation projects Carbored-II (CGL2010-22193-C04-02), SOILPROF (CGL2011-15276-E) and CARBORAD (CGL2011-27493), as well as the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 244122. [1]
      This research was funded by the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders (Belgium) as project “effects of biodiversity loss and climate warming on carbon sequestration mechanisms in terrestrial ecosystems”, contract #G.0434.03N. H. J. De Boeck holds a grant from the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by science and Technology in Flanders. P. Serrano-Ortiz benefits from a pre-doctoral grant from the Junta de Andalucía. [1]
      This research was funded by the NOAA Climate Program using measurements funded by the US Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model. We would like to thank also the Openair project. G. Titos was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness – Secretariat of Science, Innovation and Development under grants BES-2011-043721 and EEBB-I-13-06456, and projects P10-RNM-6299, CGL2010-18782 and EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254. [1]
      This research was funded by “Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Colciencias)” of the Colombian Government (Grant 679, 2014). [1]
      This research was partially funded by the Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (Cei-MAR) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Project PIRATES (CTM2017-89531-R). It was also supported by AQUACLEW. Project AQUACLEW is part of ERA4CS, an ERA- NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Commission.We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for the thoughtful contribution that has signicantly improved the quality of the paper. Datasets for this research are available in http://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.3459610. This study is a tribute to the memory of RichardW. Garvine, whose research was the inspiration for our work. [1]
      This study was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and the Environment of Spain, the Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (MINECO) of Spain and FEDER funds under the projects VAMOS (CGL2010-19464/CLI), PRISMA (CGL2012-39623-C02-01), GRACCIE (CSD 2007-00067), POLLINDUST (CGL2011-26259) and UHU (CGL2011- 28025); and by AGAUR-Generalitat de Catalunya (2009 SGR 00008) and LIFE + AIRUSE (LIFE11-ENV/ES/000584). The Montseny site forms part of the ACTRIS network (European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) project no. 262254), formerly EUSAAR (EUSAAR R113-CT-2006-026140). Funding was also received for the Andalucía sites from projects 2007-RNM027329 and 2011-RNM7800 (Department of Innovation Science and Enterprise, Andalusia Autonomous Government) M. C. Minguillón was funded by the JAE-Doc CSIC programme, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF). [1]
      This work has been financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2011-15008-E, CGL2010-1777, CGL2011-27020, CGL2014-52877-R, CGL2010-11095-E, CGL2012-39623-C02-01, CGL2014-55230-R & PI15/00515 [1]
      This work is supported by the 7th Framework Programme project Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure Network (ACTRIS) (grant agreement no. 262254); by the MICINN (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and FEDER funds under the project TEC2009-09106/TEC and UNPC10-4E-442, and the Complementary Actions CGL2010- 09225-E and CGL2011-13580-E/CLI; by the Spanish Ministry of Education under the project PR2011-0358. It has also been supported by FCT (Fundac˜ao para a Ciˆencia e a Tecnologia) through the National Re-equipment Program REDE/1527/RNG/2007. Jana Preißler was funded by FCT (grant SFRH/BD/47521/2008). Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado was partially funded by FCT (grant SFRH/BPD/63090/2009) and by the Spanish Ministry of Education (grant EX2009-0700). [1]