Evaluación del rendimiento de una red 5G-TSN IEEE 802.1Qbv

Abstract

The convergence of 5G and Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) technologies represents a fundamental evolution for critical applications in Industry 4.0, where guaranteed deterministic latencies and precise synchronization are essential requirements. The IEEE 802.1Qbv standard, through its Time-Aware Shaper (TAS) mechanism, provides controlled temporal planning for critical data transmission. However, its implementation over 5G infrastructures introduces particular challenges derived from the wireless nature of this channel, such as interference, latency variations, occasional packet loss, and synchronization deviations, factors that may compromise deterministic behavior and network performance.

This document presents the research work developed within the WiMuNet group at the University of Granada, whose main objective has been to explore the integration of deterministic networking standards with the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G, as defined by 3GPP) to facilitate process automation in the current and growing Industry 4.0. Specifically, the main objective of this work is to evaluate in detail the operation of a 5G-TSN network based on the IEEE 802.1Qbv standard, analyzing the impact of specific 5G network characteristics on the performance of the Time-Aware Shaper (TAS) and developing solutions to optimize its integration in industrial environments.

Consequently, the implemented methodology includes, first, the complete configuration of a hybrid network that allows simultaneous traffic flow in both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) directions. Furthermore, exhaustive characterization of delays in the 5G network was carried out, along with the implementation of jitter correction techniques using temporal offset. To expand experimental validation and bring the network into a real industrial traffic environment under representative conditions, the infrastructure was integrated with specialized hardware including two Kria cards and a robotic arm.

The obtained results demonstrate that with proper configuration of TAS in TSN switches aligned with the 5G system, jitter can be effectively mitigated, thereby maintaining the determinism and latency required by critical applications. It is worth noting that an asymmetry between uplink and downlink connections is evident, making it necessary to adjust specific parameters according to the communication direction and traffic load to ensure that a considerable number of packets comply with the established temporal planning.

In conclusion, this work contributes to the state of the art in 5G-TSN networks, providing practical guidelines for optimizing TAS integration in industrial environments. The findings offer a solid foundation for designing robust and reliable networks capable of supporting real-time critical applications, and open new research opportunities in the optimization of hybrid networks for Industry 4.0.