Integrating mental health interventions in higher education: An evidence-based umbrella review

Abstract

University students face increasing mental health challenges, including anxiety, stress, and depression, affecting their well-being and academic performance. This review assessed the effectiveness of physical activity interventions (PAI) combined with mindfulness-based therapy (MBT), mindfulness-based interventions (MBI), and psychoeducational interventions (PPI) in improving mental health. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, including recent meta-analyses. A total of 24 meta-analyses were included, encompassing a wide range of mental health outcomes in university students. Statistical analyses included the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model, heterogeneity tests (I2), and Egger's regression test for publication bias. Results showed that combined Findings indicate that had the strongest and most consistent effects, particularly for reducing stress (SMD = −1.37) and depression (SMD = −0.79). MBI produced moderate effects on anxiety (SMD = −0.45), while PPI and MBI + PPI yielded limited improvements. These findings support the prioritization of PAI + MBT programs in university mental health strategies. Future research should aim to standardize protocols and explore intervention effectiveness across diverse student subgroups.