Individual Differences in Dispositional Mindfulness Predict Attentional Networks and Vigilance Performance Cásedas Alcaide, Luis Cebolla, Ausiàs Lupiáñez Castillo, Juan Mindfulness Non-reactivity Attentional networks Executive vigilance Arousal vigilance Individual differences Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Tao Coll-Martín, Fernando G. Luna, and Miguel A. Vadillo for the kind and helpful input provided during the development of this research project. Funding Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA. LC was supported by a doctoral fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434; fellowship code LCF/BQ/ DE18/11670002). AC was supported by CIBEROBN, an initiative of the ISCIII (ISC III CB06 03/0052) and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) under AMABLE-VR (RTI2018-097835-A-I00). JL was supported by a research projects grant from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PSI2017-84926-P; PID2020-114790 GB-I00). This paper is part of the doctoral dissertation of the first author under the supervision of the last author. Data Availability The data and R scripts used for analysis are provided at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/374rs/). The online version of the ANTI-Vea task is available for free use and in multiple languages at https://www. ugr. es/~neuro cog/ ANTI/. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01850-6. Pretrial Registration Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/gb6c7 Objectives Research addressing the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and objective attention performance remains inconclusive, partly because previous studies used sample sizes possibly leading to underpowered designs. Here, we examined this relationship in a large sample using the ANTI-Vea: a novel cognitive-behavioral task that simultaneously assesses the classic attentional networks—phasic alertness, orienting, executive control—and both the executive and arousal components of vigilance. Methods Two hundred nineteen meditation-naïve participants completed the study. Correlational analyses using Kendall’s Tau were performed between FFMQ scores and ANTI-Vea outcomes. Additional subsidiary correlations were performed between the FFMQ and two self-report measures assessing subjective attentional control and mind-wandering. Benjamini- Hochberg was applied to control de type I error rate. Internal consistency reliability indices were estimated for all measures used to aid the interpretation of the correlational results. Results Higher non-reactivity predicted overall faster reaction times and higher accuracy in attentional networks trials. Higher non-reactivity, as well as higher FFMQ total score, predicted faster reaction time and fewer lapses in arousal vigilance trials, the latter also being negatively associated with describe scores. The magnitude of the correlations ranged from τb = .103 to τb = .119. We found no association between FFMQ scores and executive control or executive vigilance. Conclusions Our results indicate that dispositional mindfulness is linked to improved global attentional and arousal vigilance performance, being non-reactivity to inner experience the key facet driving the association. The absence of association to executive processes is discussed based on the high cognitive demands of the ANTI-Vea task. 2022-03-21T08:58:30Z 2022-03-21T08:58:30Z 2022-03-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Cásedas, L., Cebolla, A. & Lupiáñez, J. Individual Differences in Dispositional Mindfulness Predict Attentional Networks and Vigilance Performance. Mindfulness (2022). [https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01850-6] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/73589 10.1007/s12671-022-01850-6 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución 3.0 España Springer Nature