Mechanisms Involved in the Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: Impact on Clinical Practice Contreras Bolívar, Victoria García Fontana, Beatriz García Fontana, Cristina Muñoz Torres, Manuel Eduardo Vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D or calcidiol (25(OH)D) Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D) Vitamin D receptor (VDR) 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) Insulin resistance Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) type 2 diabetes Obesity Metabolic syndrome (MS) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) This research was funded by the Institute of Health Carlos III grants (PI18-00803 and PI18-01235), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and Junta de Andalucia (PI-0268-2019). In addition, V.C.-B. and C.G.-F. are funded by postdoctoral fellowships from the Junta de Andalucia and Institute of Health Carlos III respectively (RH-0141-2020; CD20/00022). Recent evidence has revealed anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D as well as extraskeletal activity. In this context, vitamin D seems to be involved in infections, autoimmune diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, and cancer development. In recent years, the relationship between vitamin D and insulin resistance has been a topic of growing interest. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels appear to be associated with most of the insulin resistance disorders described to date. In fact, vitamin D deficiency may be one of the factors accelerating the development of insulin resistance. Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem in the population and may be associated with the pathogenesis of diseases related to insulin resistance, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). An important question is the identification of 25(OH)D levels capable of generating an effect on insulin resistance, glucose metabolism and to decrease the risk of developing insulin resistance related disorders. The benefits of 25(OH)D supplementation/repletion on bone health are well known, and although there is a biological plausibility linking the status of vitamin D and insulin resistance supported by basic and clinical research findings, well-designed randomized clinical trials as well as basic research are necessary to know the molecular pathways involved in this association. 2021-11-16T09:01:34Z 2021-11-16T09:01:34Z 2021-10-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Contreras-Bolívar, V... [et al.]. Mechanisms Involved in the Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: Impact on Clinical Practice. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3491. [https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103491] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/71545 10.3390/nu13103491 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución 3.0 España MDPI