The Doctrine of Signatures in Israel—Revision and Spatiotemporal Patterns Dafni, Amots Aqil Khatib, Saleh Benítez Cruz, Guillermo Medicinal plants Doctrine of similitude Middle East Botany History of plant uses Ethnobotany Medical anthropology The present survey includes forty-three plant species with present-day medicinal applications that can be related to the Doctrine of Signatures (DoS). The main uses are for jaundice (33.3%), kidney stones (20%), and as an aphrodisiac (8%). Ten Doctrine of Signature uses (22.2%) are endemic (to Israel and Jordan); while none of these plant species are endemic to the region at all, their DoS uses are endemic. Summing up of all these data reveals that 73.2% of all uses found in present-day Israel could be considered as related to Muslim traditional medicine. About one quarter (24.4%) of the DoS uses are also common to Europe, and some (8.8%) to India. The two adventive species with DoS uses serve as evidence that the DoS practice is not necessarily based solely on its historical background but is still evolving locally in accordance with changes in the local flora. The current broad geographic distribution of many of the doctrine’s uses may serve as indirect evidence of its current prevalence, and not just as a vestigial presentation of ancient beliefs. 2021-07-09T08:14:59Z 2021-07-09T08:14:59Z 2021 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Dafni, A.; Aqil Khatib, S.; Benítez, G. The Doctrine of Signatures in Israel—Revision and Spatiotemporal Patterns. Plants 2021, 10, 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071346 http://hdl.handle.net/10481/69622 10.3390/plants10071346 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución 3.0 España MDPI