Planck 2013 results. XVII. Gravitational lensing by large-scale structure Ade, P. A. R. Battaner López, Eduardo Planck Collaboration Gravitational lensing: weak Methods: data analysis Cosmic background radiation Large-scale structure of Universe The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN, JA and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members, including the technical or scientific activities in which they have been involved, can be found at http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php? project=planck&page=Planck_Collaboration. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPix package (Górski et al. 2005). This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, as well as of the IN2P3 Computer Center (http://cc.in2p3.fr) and the Planck-HFI data processing center infrastructures hosted at the Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (France) and financially supported by CNES. We acknowledge support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council [grant number ST/I000976/1]. On the arcminute angular scales probed by Planck, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies are gently perturbed by gravitational lensing. Here we present a detailed study of this effect, detecting lensing independently in the 100, 143, and 217 GHz frequency bands with an overall significance of greater than 25σ. We use thetemperature-gradient correlations induced by lensing to reconstruct a (noisy) map of the CMB lensing potential, which provides an integrated measure of the mass distribution back to the CMB last-scattering surface. Our lensing potential map is significantly correlated with other tracers of mass, a fact which we demonstrate using several representative tracers of large-scale structure. We estimate the power spectrum of the lensing potential, finding generally good agreement with expectations from the best-fitting ΛCDM model for the Planck temperature power spectrum, showing that this measurement at z = 1100 correctly predicts the properties of the lower-redshift, later-time structures which source the lensing potential. When combined with the temperature power spectrum, our measurement provides degeneracy-breaking power for parameter constraints; it improves CMB-alone constraints on curvature by a factor of two and also partly breaks the degeneracy between the amplitude of the primordial perturbation power spectrum and the optical depth to reionization, allowing a measurement of the optical depth to reionization which is independent of large-scale polarization data. Discarding scale information, our measurement corresponds to a 4% constraint on the amplitude of the lensing potential power spectrum, or a 2% constraint on the root-mean-squared amplitude of matter fluctuations at z ~ 2. 2020-06-23T11:19:03Z 2020-06-23T11:19:03Z 2014-10-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Ade, P. A., Aghanim, N., Armitage-Caplan, C., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., ... & Bartlett, J. G. (2014). Planck 2013 results. XVII. Gravitational lensing by large-scale structure. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 571, A17. [https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321543] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/62657 10.1051/0004-6361/201321543 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España EDP Sciences