A new insigh to bone turnover: role of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Kajarabille, Naroa Díaz Castro, Javier Hijano, Silvia López Frías, Magdalena López Aliaga, María Inmaculada Ochoa Herrera, Julio José Long chain omega 3 fatty acids Improves insulin sensititvity Coronary artery disease Oxidative stress Weight loss Fish oils Docosahexaenoic acid Eicosapentaenoic acid Postmenopausal women ω-3 PUFA Background. Evidence has shown that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially the ω-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are beneficial for bone health and turnover. Objectives. This review summarizes findings from both in vivo and in vitro studies and the effects of LC PUFA on bone metabolism, as well as the relationship with the oxidative stress, the inflammatory process, and obesity. Results. Some studies in humans indicate that LCPUFA can increase bone formation, affect peak bone mass in adolescents, and reduce bone loss. However, the cellular mechanisms of action of the LCPUFA are complex and involve modulation of fatty acid metabolites such as prostaglandins, resolvins and protectins, several signaling pathways, cytokines, and growth factors, although in certain aspects there is still some controversy. LCPUFA affect receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ (RANK), a receptor found on the osteoclast, causing bone resorption, which controls osteoclast formation. Conclusions. Since fatty acids are an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species, free radicals alter the process of bone turnover; however, although there are clinical evidences linking bone metabolism and dietary lipids, more clinical trials are necessary to prove whether ω-3 PUFA supplementation plays a major role in bone health. 2014-05-30T11:20:24Z 2014-05-30T11:20:24Z 2013 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Kajarabille, N.; et al. A new insigh to bone turnover: role of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Scientific World Journal, 2013: 589641 (2013). [http://hdl.handle.net/10481/32050] 1537-744X http://hdl.handle.net/10481/32050 10.1155/2013/589641 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License Hindawi Publishing Corporation