The effect of heavy smoking on retirement risk: A mendelian randomisation analysis
Metadatos
Afficher la notice complèteEditorial
Elsevier
Materia
Smoking Retirement risk Polygenic Risk Scores
Date
2024-06-17Referencia bibliográfica
A. Gaggero et al. 157 (2024) 108078. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108078]
Patrocinador
National Institute on Aging (Grant: RO1AG7644); consortium of UK government departments coordinated by the Economic and Social Research Council; Tomas y Valiente Fellowship funded by the Madrid Institute for Advanced Study (MIAS), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain; PID2022- 137819NB-I00 funded by the Spanish governmentRésumé
Background and aims: The extent to which heavy smoking and retirement risk are causally related remains to be
determined. To overcome the endogeneity of heavy smoking behaviour, we employed a novel approach by
exploiting the genetic predisposition to heavy smoking, as measured with a polygenic risk score (PGS), in a
Mendelian Randomisation approach.
Methods: 8164 participants (mean age 68.86 years) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing had complete
data on smoking behaviour, employment and a heavy smoking PGS. Heavy smoking was indexed as smoking at
least 20 cigarettes a day. A time-to-event Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis, using a complementary
log–log (cloglog) link function, was employed to model the retirement risk.
Results: Our results show that being a heavy smoker significantly increases the risk of retirement (β = 1.324,
standard error = 0.622, p < 0.05). Results were robust to a battery of checks and a placebo analysis considering
the never-smokers.
Conclusions: Overall, our findings support a causal pathway from heavy smoking to earlier retirement.