Relationship between hospitalization and functional and cognitive impairment in hospitalized older adults patients

Abstract

Objectives: To study changes in the cognitive status and dependency of patients aged over 65 years during hospitalization for bone fracture and how these changes relate to the total number of days of admission and absolute rest during hospitalization. Along with cognitive decline, musculoskeletal disorders are considered key factors in this patient population. As well as requiring hospital admission and/or surgical treatment, fractures increase the risk factors that contribute to disability and dependency in older adults. Method: A longitudinal case-series study with repeated follow-up assessments was conducted. The sample consisted of 259 older adults. The following tests were administered: Barthel index, Lawton- Brody’s scale, Phototest, and informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly. Results: The main variable which fosters functional dependency, cognitive decline, and functional loss and diminishes functional gain (both in the hospital and at home) is the number of days of bed rest during hospitalization. Conclusions: The present study reveals that the greater impact on levels of functional dependency and cognitive decline comes from the patient’s days of bed rest in hospital, rather than the total days of hospitalization. These findings could be taken into consideration when discussing post-discharge functional recovery.