Nuevos planteamientos e hipótesis en torno a la resolución por incumplimiento del contrato

Abstract

El presente trabajo analiza la jurisprudencia obrante en diversos ordenamientos jurídicos, con especial incidencia en el español, en torno a la naturaleza de la resolución por incumplimiento contractual, así como las consecuencias que de ella se derivan. A lo largo de la investigación se pretende dar soluciones interpretativas al art. 1124 CC con el apoyo de lo dispuesto en los textos de soft law. Un enfoque que admite la jurisprudencia española cuando reconoce que el derecho español se puede interpretar a la luz del soft law contractual europeo2. De esta manera, se podría facilitar e incrementar la actividad de las empresas y la confianza en los consumidores, cuando suscriben contratos de venta tanto en sus países de origen como en otros países europeos, con atención especial a las microempresas, pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) que se ven especialmente afectadas por cuestiones no resueltas por la doctrina como ocurre en los supuestos de ejercicio unilateral y presumiblemente oportunista, de la facultad resolutoria.

This paper analyzes the jurisprudence in several legal systems, with special emphasis on Spanish, around the nature of the resolution for breach of contract, as well as the consequences that derive from it. Throughout the investigation, therefore, it is intended to provide interpretative solutions to art. 1124 of the Civil Code (hereinafter CC) and of course, with the support of the provisions of the soft law texts, considering the approach admitted by Spanish jurisprudence when it recognizes that Spanish law can be interpreted in the light of European contractual soft law. In this way, it could facilitate and even increase the activity of companies and consumer confidence, when they sign sales contracts both in their countries of origin and in other European countries, and more specifically paying special attention to small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter SME that are those that are especially affected by issues not resolved by the doctrine as in all those cases of exercise unilateral and, presumably opportunistic, of the resolutory power. From this perspective, an attempt will be made to analyze the broad blocks of issues raised by the resolution, on the one hand, the essential breach, the objective or subjective nature of the resolutory breach (i.e. whether fault is required or not to terminate the contract), on the other hand, the relationship between the resolution and compensation for damages, unilateral resolution, the early termination (that is, before the other party has breached, when it is clear that it will not be able to comply), and finally, as well as the consequences of the resolution.