Key Stratification of Microbiota Taxa and Metabolites in the Host Metabolic Health–Disease Balance
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Torres Sánchez, Alfonso; Ruiz Rodríguez, Alicia; Ortiz Sandoval, Pilar; Aguilera Gómez, MargaritaEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Microbiota Taxa Metabolites Detoxification Pathways
Date
2023-02-24Referencia bibliográfica
Torres-Sánchez, A.; Ruiz-Rodríguez, A.; Ortiz, P.; Aguilera, M. Key Stratification of Microbiota Taxa and Metabolites in the Host Metabolic Health–Disease Balance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 4519. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijms24054519]
Sponsorship
FEDER Project Infrastructure: IE_2019-198; Junta de Andalucía Proyectos de Excelencia: Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación P21-0034; Instituto de Salud Carlos III-PI20/01278; FIBAO; Maria Zambrano Talent Grant (Next Generation EU-University of Granada)Abstract
Human gut microbiota seems to drive the interaction with host metabolism through mi-
crobial metabolites, enzymes, and bioactive compounds. These components determine the host
health–disease balance. Recent metabolomics and combined metabolome–microbiome studies have
helped to elucidate how these substances could differentially affect the individual host pathophysi-
ology according to several factors and cumulative exposures, such as obesogenic xenobiotics. The
present work aims to investigate and interpret newly compiled data from metabolomics and micro-
biota composition studies, comparing controls with patients suffering from metabolic-related diseases
(diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, liver and cardiovascular diseases, etc.). The results showed,
first, a differential composition of the most represented genera in healthy individuals compared to
patients with metabolic diseases. Second, the analysis of the metabolite counts exhibited a differential
composition of bacterial genera in disease compared to health status. Third, qualitative metabolite
analysis revealed relevant information about the chemical nature of metabolites related to disease
and/or health status. Key microbial genera were commonly considered overrepresented in healthy in-
dividuals together with specific metabolites, e.g., Faecalibacterium and phosphatidylethanolamine; and
the opposite, Escherichia and Phosphatidic Acid, which is converted into the intermediate Cytidine
Diphosphate Diacylglycerol-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG), were overrepresented in metabolic-related
disease patients. However, it was not possible to associate most specific microbiota taxa and metabo-
lites according to their increased and decreased profiles analyzed with health or disease. Interestingly,
positive association of essential amino acids with the genera Bacteroides were observed in a cluster
related to health, and conversely, benzene derivatives and lipidic metabolites were related to the
genera Clostridium, Roseburia, Blautia, and Oscillibacter in a disease cluster. More studies are needed
to elucidate the microbiota species and their corresponding metabolites that are key in promoting
health or disease status. Moreover, we propose that greater attention should be paid to biliary acids
and to microbiota–liver cometabolites and its detoxification enzymes and pathways