The Role of Molecular and Hormonal Factors in Obesity and the Effects of Physical Activity in Children
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Aragón Vela, Jerónimo; Alcalá-Bejarano Carrillo, Jesús Manuel; Moreno Racero, Aurora; Plaza Díaz, JulioEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Obesity Physical activity Hormones Children Adipose tissue
Date
2022-12-06Referencia bibliográfica
Aragón-Vela, J... [et al.]. The Role of Molecular and Hormonal Factors in Obesity and the Effects of Physical Activity in Children. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15413. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315413]
Sponsorship
Fundacion Ramon Areces, Madrid, SpainAbstract
Obesity and overweight are defined as abnormal fat accumulations. Adipose tissue consists
of more than merely adipocytes; each adipocyte is closely coupled with the extracellular matrix.
Adipose tissue stores excess energy through expansion. Obesity is caused by the abnormal expansion
of adipose tissue as a result of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The process of obesity is
controlled by several molecules, such as integrins, kindlins, or matrix metalloproteinases. In children
with obesity, metabolomics studies have provided insight into the existence of unique metabolic
profiles. As a result of low-grade inflammation in the system, abnormalities were observed in several
metabolites associated with lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid pathways. In addition, obesity and
related hormones, such as leptin, play an instrumental role in regulating food intake and contributing
to childhood obesity. TheWorld Health Organization states that physical activity benefits the heart,
the body, and the mind. Several noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer,
and diabetes, can be prevented and managed through physical activity. In this work, we reviewed
pediatric studies that examined the molecular and hormonal control of obesity and the influence of
physical activity on children with obesity or overweight. The purpose of this review was to examine
some orchestrators involved in this disease and how they are related to pediatric populations. A
larger number of randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes and long-term studies could
lead to the discovery of new key molecules as well as the detection of significant factors in the
coming years. In order to improve the health of the pediatric population, omics analyses and machine
learning techniques can be combined in order to improve treatment decisions.