Degradation and conservation of clay-containing stone: A review
Metadatos
Mostrar el registro completo del ítemEditorial
Elsevier
Materia
Stone decay Scaling Clay swelling
Fecha
2022-03-23Referencia bibliográfica
Kerstin Elert, Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro, Degradation and conservation of clay-containing stone: A review, Construction and Building Materials, Volume 330, 2022, 127226, ISSN 0950-0618, [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127226]
Patrocinador
Spanish Government; European Commission RTI2018099565-B-I00; Junta de Andalucia RNM-179 B-RNM-574-UGR20 P20_00675; University of Granada, Unidad Cientifica de Excelencia UCE-PP2016-05 Universidad de Granada/CBUAResumen
Significant progress in the understanding of the different degradation processes affecting building and ornamental
stone has taken place in recent decades. However, some weathering phenomena still are not fully understood,
which hampers the development of effective stone conservation treatments. One of these cases, stone
damage associated with the presence of swelling clays, is reviewed here. Swelling clays cause damage when
subjected to wetting/drying cycles, commonly resulting in stone scaling, flaking, spalling, exfoliation and/or
delamination. Examples of this damage process and the mechanisms proposed for its development, as well as the
key factors that control its origin, evolution and severity are presented and discussed. Alternative or complementary
processes that may also lead to stone damage due to expansion/contraction cycles are also discussed.
Finally, conservation treatments applied to halt or minimize clay swelling damage are reviewed. It is shown that
traditional conservation materials such as polymers and alkoxysilanes applied to protect and/or consolidate
damaged clay-containing stones typically have little effectiveness. Alternative treatments based on the application
of clay swelling inhibitors, and a novel green conservation approach based on bacterially-induced formation
of CaCO3 cement and associated production of exopolymeric substances, recently proposed to prevent/
control clay-related damage of tuff stone at the ancient Maya site of Copan, are presented and discussed.