Efficacy of Nutritional Strategies on the Improvement of the Performance and Health of the Athlete: A Systematic Review
Metadatos
Afficher la notice complèteAuteur
Pérez Montilla, J. Javier; Cuevas Cervera, María; García Ríos, María Del Carmen; Navarro Ledesma, SantiagoEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Intermittent fasting Sport Caloric restriction Fasting Ketogenic diet Time-restricted feeding
Date
2022-04-01Referencia bibliográfica
Perez-Montilla, J.J... [et al.]. Efficacy of Nutritional Strategies on the Improvement of the Performance and Health of the Athlete: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4240. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074240]
Résumé
Evidence shows that the use of food strategies can impact health, but a clear consensus
about how the effects of different food strategies impact improvement in the athlete’s performance and
health remain unclear. This study evaluated how food strategies, specifically intermittent fasting and
a ketogenic diet affect health and performance in healthy athletes. Study selection for this review was
based on clinical trial studies analyzing changes in performance and health in athletes. The Pubmed,
Web of Science, PEDro, Dialnet, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest, Medline and Cochrane databases
were searched. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, PEDro Internal Validity Scale
(IVS) and Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a
variety of fields (QUALSYT) checklists were used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies.
Articles were selected based on criteria concerning the effectiveness of nutritional strategies on
athletes’ performance; articles should be randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or uncontrolled clinical
trials; they should be human studies and they should have been published less than 7 years ago.
A total of 15 articles were evaluated, 8 randomised clinical trials and 7 non-randomized clinical
studies, with 411 participants who satisfied our inclusion criteria and were included in this review.
The results of the study showed intermittent fasting and time-restricted feeding as strategies that
produce health benefits. On the other hand, the ketogenic diet did not reach an appropriate consensus.
The articles presented a medium level of methodological quality in the PEDro scale, low quality in
IVS scale and high quality in QUALSYT scale. Despite the lack of studies analyzing changes in the
performance and health of athletes after the use of different nutritional strategies, intermittent fasting
and time-restricted feeding should be considered since they seem to be effective, and further studies
are necessary.