Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Homocysteine at Birth and Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Cluster Polymorphisms Are Associated with Children’s Processing Speed up to Age 9 Years
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Campoy Folgoso, Cristina; Azaryah, Hatim; Torres Espínola, Francisco J.; Martínez Zaldívar, Cristina; García Santos, José Antonio; Demmelmair, Hans; Ramírez Tortosa, María Carmen; Reischl, Eva; Luna Del Castillo, Juan De Dios; Pérez García, MiguelMateria
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids Folate Prenatal supplementation Processing speed Neurodevelopme FADS gene Children
Fecha
2020-12-31Referencia bibliográfica
Campoy, C.; Azaryah, H.; Torres-Espínola, F.J.; Martínez-Zaldívar, C.; García-Santos, J.A.; Demmelmair, H.; Haile, G.; Györei, E.; Ramírez-Tortosa, M.d.C.; Reischl, E.; et al. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Homocysteine at Birth and Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Cluster Polymorphisms Are Associated with Children’s Processing Speed up to Age 9 Years. Nutrients 2021, 13, 131. [https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010131]
Patrocinador
European Commission 212652 007036 QLK1-CT-1999-00888; European Commission European Commission Joint Research Centre DYNAHEALTH-633595 Lifecycle-733206; European Research Council Advanced Grant META-GROWTH ERC-2012AdG 322605; Erasmus Plus Programme Early Nutrition eAcademy Southeast Asia 573651EPP-1-2016-1-DE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP; Erasmus Plus Programme Capacity Building to Improve Early Nutrition and Health in South Africa 598488-EPP-1-2018-1-DE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP; EU Interreg Programme Focus in CD-CE111; European Joint Programming Initiative Project NutriPROGRAM and EndObesity; German Ministry of Education and Research, Berlin 01 GI 0825; German Research Foundation (DFG) Ko912/12-1 INST 409/224-1 FUGG; Else Kroner-Fresenius-Foundation; LMU University HospitalsResumen
Both pre- and early postnatal supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic
acid (AA) and folate have been related to neural development, but their long-term effects
on later neural function remain unclear. We evaluated the long-term effects of maternal prenatal
supplementation with fish-oil (FO), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), placebo or FO + 5-MTHF,
as well as the role of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster polymorphisms, on their offspring’s
processing speed at later school age. This study was conducted in NUHEAL children at 7.5 (n = 143)
and 9 years of age (n = 127). Processing speed tasks were assessed using Symbol Digit Modalities
Test (SDMT), Children Color Trails Test (CCTT) and Stroop Color andWord Test (SCWT). Long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids, folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) levels were determined at delivery
from maternal and cord blood samples. FADS and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)
677 C > T genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. Mixed models (linear and logistic) were performed.
There were significant differences in processing speed performance among children at different ages
(p < 0.001). The type of prenatal supplementation had no effect on processing speed in children
up to 9 years. Secondary exploratory analyses indicated that children born to mothers with higher
AA/DHA ratio at delivery (p < 0.001) and heterozygotes for FADS1 rs174556 (p < 0.05) showed better
performance in processing speed at 9 years. Negative associations between processing speed scores and maternal tHcy levels at delivery were found. Our findings suggest speed processing development
in children up to 9 years could be related to maternal factors, including AA/DHA and tHcy
levels, and their genetic background, mainly FADS polymorphism. These considerations support
that maternal prenatal supplementation should be quantitatively adequate and individualized to
obtain better brain development and mental performance in the offspring.