Validation of the Smart City as a Sustainable Development Knowledge Tool: The Challenge of Using Technologies in Education during COVID-19
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Olmos Gómez, María Del Carmen; Luque Suárez, Mónica Francisca; Mohamed Mohamed, Soraya; Cuevas Rincón, Jesús ManuelEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Smart cities ICT Structural equation modeling (SEM) COVID-19 Readjustment E-learning
Date
2020Referencia bibliográfica
Olmos-Gómez, M.d.C.; Luque-Suárez, M.; Mohamed-Mohamed, S.; Cuevas-Rincón, J.M. Validation of the Smart City as a Sustainable Development Knowledge Tool: The Challenge of Using Technologies in Education during COVID-19. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8384. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208384
Abstract
The objective of this research was to design and validate a questionnaire for teachers on
the knowledge and use of smart city concepts and their usefulness in online learning during the
COVID-19 pandemic based on a sustainable approach at different educational levels. It is important
to analyze the use of online education based on the construction of intelligent learning environments,
which favor the interaction between the environment and the student. With a quasi-experimental
methodology, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were analyzed through structural
equation modeling (SEM), and the model was adjusted through a multivariate regression analysis
to relate response patterns to a set of latent factors that cannot be directly observed, but exist in
continuous dimensions of the people evaluated, and to create a valid and reliable instrument as a
measurement tool using a sample of n = 973 subjects. The sample distribution consisted of 22.36%
primary school teachers, 59.01% high school teachers, and 18.56% university teachers. The results
showed a high reliability and construct validity through two models, and adjustment of the original
model produced better goodness-of-fit parameters. We conclude that the designed questionnaire is a
useful and valid tool for understanding how teachers have approached online teaching during the
pandemic and their knowledge and use of Smart City concepts.