Una singular forma de computar: los sistemas cuánticos

Abstract

This document is a introductory study that explores the real and practical posibilities, at the present time, of quantum computing in applications that are relevant to telecommunications and engineering. Firstly, a clear and rigorous exposition of the principles of quantum physics and quantum computing is made. After it, protocols and algorithms of great relevance are presented, such as teleportation, which is the main method of transmission for quantum information, superdense coding, which is used to transmit classical information using secure quantum channels, or Grover's search algorithm, which is an improvement on the classic optimization algorithms. Secondly, the implementation as a circuit of these protocols and algorithms in three real quantum computers provided by IBM Quantum Experience tool is presented. After exposing each implementation, a comparison of the performance of these devices during the execution of the circuit is made, taking into account the technical characteristics of each circuit and device. Finally, a global evaluation of the results obtained is presented.