Usual Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years. Findings from the EsNuPI Study †
Metadatos
Mostrar el registro completo del ítemAutor
Cuadrado Soto, Esther; Hernández Ruiz, Ángela; Lara-Villoslada, Federico; Martínez De Victoria Muñoz, Emilio; Ruiz López, María Dolores; Soto-Méndez, María José; Gil Hernández, ÁngelEditorial
MDPI
Materia
EsNuPI study Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D Pediatric nutrition Food sources Spanish children Dairy products Infant formula
Fecha
2020-06-16Referencia bibliográfica
Cuadrado-Soto, E., López-Sobaler, A. M., Jiménez-Ortega, A. I., Aparicio, A., Bermejo, L. M., Hernández-Ruiz, Á., ... & Ruiz-López, M. D. (2020). Usual Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D of Spanish Children Aged One to< 10 Years. Findings from the EsNuPI Study. Nutrients, 12(6), 1787. [doi: 10.3390/nu12061787]
Patrocinador
Instituto Puleva de Nutricion (IPN)Resumen
Bone problems in the population begin to be establish in childhood. The present study
aims to assess the usual calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D intakes, along with the
food sources of these nutrients, in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (Estudio Nutricional
en Población Infantil Española) study. Two 24 h dietary recalls were applied to 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two sub-samples: one reference sample (RS) of the general population
[n = 707] and another sample which exclusively included children consuming enriched or fortified
milks, here called “adapted milks” (AMS) [n = 741]. Estimation of the usual intake shows that
nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except vitamin D. Using as reference the Dietary
Reference Values from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), calcium and magnesium intakes
were found to be below the average requirement (AR) and adequate intake (AI), respectively, in a
considerable percentage of children. Furthermore, phosphorus exceeded the AI in 100% of individuals
and vitamin D was lower than the AI in almost all children studied. The results were very similar
when considering only plausible reporters. When analyzing the food sources of the nutrients studied,
milk and dairy products contributed the most to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin
D. Other sources of calcium were cereals and vegetables; for phosphorus: meat, meat products,
and cereals; for magnesium: cereals and fruits; and, for vitamin D: fish and eggs. These results
highlight the desirability of improving the intake concerning these nutrients, which are involved in
bone and metabolic health in children. The AMS group appeared to contribute better to the adequacy
of those nutrients than the RS group, but both still need further improvement. Of special interest are
the results of vitamin D intakes, which were significantly higher in the AMS group (although still
below the AI), independent of age.