Metal-responsive RNA polymerase extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors
Metadatos
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Moraleda Muñoz, Aurelio; Marcos Torres, Francisco Javier; Pérez Torres, Juana; Muñoz Dorado, JoséEditorial
Wiley
Fecha
2019-06-26Referencia bibliográfica
Moraleda‐Muñoz, A., Marcos‐Torres, F. J., Pérez, J., & Muñoz‐Dorado, J. (2019). Metal‐responsive RNA polymerase extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors. Molecular microbiology, 112(2), 385-398.
Patrocinador
This work has been supported by the Spanish Government, grant BFU2016-75425-P to Aurelio Moraleda-Muñoz (70% funded by FEDER).Resumen
In order to survive, bacteria must adapt to multiple
fluctuations in their environment, including coping
with changes in metal concentrations. Many metals
are essential for viability, since they act as cofactors
of indispensable enzymes. But on the other
hand, they are potentially toxic because they generate
reactive oxygen species or displace other metals
from proteins, turning them inactive. This dual
effect of metals forces cells to maintain homeostasis
using a variety of systems to import and export
them. These systems are usually inducible, and
their expression is regulated by metal sensors and
signal-transduction mechanisms, one of which is
mediated by extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma
factors. In this review, we have focused on the metalresponsive
ECF sigma factors, several of which are
activated by iron depletion (FecI, FpvI and PvdS),
while others are activated by excess of metals such
as nickel and cobalt (CnrH), copper (CarQ and CorE)
or cadmium and zinc (CorE2). We focus particularly
on their physiological roles, mechanisms of action
and signal transduction pathways.