Hearing regeneration and regenerative medicine: present and future approaches
Metadatos
Mostrar el registro completo del ítemEditorial
Archives of Medical Science
Materia
Stem cell therapy hearing regeneration hair cell spiral ganglion neuron ribbon synapse
Fecha
2019Referencia bibliográfica
Nacher-Soler, G., Garrido, J., & Rodríguez-Serrano, F. (2019). Hearing regeneration and regenerative medicine: present and future approaches. Archives of Medical Science, 15(4), 957-967
Patrocinador
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project CTQ2014-56611-R); Regional Government of Andalusia (Project P11-CTS-7651); Ramón Areces Foundation (Madrid, Spain)Resumen
More than 5% of the world population lives with a hearing impairment. The
main factors responsible for hearing degeneration are ototoxic drugs, aging,
continued exposure to excessive noise and infections. The pool of adult stem
cells in the inner ear drops dramatically after birth, and therefore an endogenous
cellular source for regeneration is absent. Hearing loss can emerge
after the degeneration of different cochlear components, so there are multiple
targets to be reached, such as hair cells (HCs), spiral ganglion neurons
(SGNs), supporting cells (SCs) and ribbon synapses. Important discoveries in
the hearing regeneration field have been reported regarding stem cell transplantation,
migration and survival; genetic systems for cell fate monitoring;
and stem cell differentiation to HCs, SGNs and SCs using adult stem cells,
embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, some
molecular mediators that affect the establishment of functional synapses
have been identified. In this review, we will focus on reporting the state of
the art in the regenerative medicine field for hearing recovery. Stem cell
research has enabled remarkable advances in regeneration, particularly in
neuronal cells and synapses. Despite the progress achieved, there are certain
issues that need a deeper development to improve the results already
obtained, or to develop new approaches aiming for the clinical application.