Prevalence and Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus in Male Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Rodríguez-Álvarez, María Inmaculada; Gómez Urquiza, Jose Luis; Husein-El Ahmed, Husein; Albendín García, Luis; Gómez-Salgado, Juan; Cañadas De La Fuente, Guillermo ArturoEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Epidemiology Risk factors Men Papillomavirus Prevalence Health promotion
Date
2018-10-10Referencia bibliográfica
Rodríguez-Álvarez, Mª.I. [et al.]. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus in Male Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2210.
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections.
Although the research focus has been on women, men are also affected. Thus, the aim was to estimate
the prevalence of HPV in men and to analyse its risk factors. A systematic review with meta-analysis
was performed. The main health science databases were consulted. The search terms were was:
“papilloma virus AND (prevalence OR risk factors) AND men”. The final sample of studies was n =
16 and the men sample for the meta-analysis was n = 18,106. The meta-analysis revealed a prevalence
of 49% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 35–64%) of any type of human papillomavirus in men and
35% (95% CI: 26–45%) of high-risk human papillomavirus in men. The included studies showed that
stable sexual habits, circumcision and condom use are protective factors against HPV. In addition,
there is a certain positive association with tobacco use and the early initiation of sexual intercourse.
In conclusion, the prevalence of HPV in men is high. The risk factors for HPV infection are sexual
promiscuity, early sexual debut, absence of circumcision, lack of condom use and smoking. Further
study in this field about the effectiveness of the vaccine and health education should be conducted.