Vitamin D: Classic and Novel Actions
Metadata
Show full item recordEditorial
Karger Publishers
Materia
Vitamin D Calcitriol Calcium Novel actions
Date
2018-01-18Referencia bibliográfica
Ángel Gil; Julio Plaza-Diaz; María Dolores Mesa. Vitamin D: Classic and Novel Actions. Ann Nutr Metab 2018; 72: 87–95 [http://hdl.handle.net/10481/51304]
Abstract
Background: Classically, vitamin D has been implicated in
bone health by promoting calcium absorption in the gut and
maintenance of serum calcium and phosphate concentrations,
as well as by its action on bone growth and reorganization
through the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts cells.
However, in the last 2 decades, novel actions of vitamin D
have been discovered. The present report summarizes both
classic and novel actions of vitamin D. Summary: 1,25(OH)2
vitamin D, the active metabolite of vitamin D, also known as
calcitriol, regulates not only calcium and phosphate homeostasis
but also cell proliferation and differentiation, and has
a key a role to play in the responses of the immune and nervous
systems. Current effects of vitamin D include xenobiotic
detoxification, oxidative stress reduction, neuroprotective
functions, antimicrobial defense, immunoregulation,
anti-inflammatory/anticancer actions, and cardiovascular
benefits. The mechanism of action of calcitriol is mediated
by the vitamin D receptor, a subfamily of nuclear receptors that act as transcription factors into the target cells after
forming a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor. This kind
of receptors has been found in virtually all cell types, which
may explain its multiple actions on different tissues. Key
Messages: In addition to classic actions related to mineral
homeostasis, vitamin D has novel actions in cell proliferation
and differentiation, regulation of the innate and adaptative
immune systems, preventive effects on cardiovascular and
neurodegenerative diseases, and even antiaging effects.