Adipose tissue cadmium concentrations as a potential risk factor for insulin resistance and future type 2 diabetes mellitus in GraMo adult cohort Salcedo Bellido, Inmaculada Gómez‑Peña, Celia Pérez Carrascosa, Francisco Miguel Vrhovnik, Petra Mustieles Miralles, Vicente Echeverría, Ruth Fiket, Željka Pérez-Díaz, Celia Barrios Rodríguez, Rocío Jiménez Moleón, José Juan Arrebola Moreno, Juan Pedro This work was supported by research grants from CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and European Regional Development Fun-FEDER (PI16/01858, PI20/01568, PI18/01573) and Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Slovenia (P2-0273). Dr. JPA is under contract within the Ramón y Cajal Program (RYC-2016-20155, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain). Adipose tissue has been recently highlighted as a promising matrix for evaluation of cadmium's (Cd) long-term exposure although not frequently considered in epidemiological studies. The association between Cd exposure and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This work aimed to explore the association between adipose tissue Cd levels and T2DM incidence over a 16-year follow-up in an adult cohort from Southern Spain considering smoking status. We also performed complementary cross-sectional analyses focused on subclinical markers of glucose homeostasis at recruitment. Clinical information was obtained from hospital databases. Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle and diet were collected by face-to-face interviews. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) values of insulin sensitivity/resistance and β-cell function were calculated using fasting serum glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels at recruitment. Adipose tissue Cd concentrations were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses were performed by means of Cox-regression and multivariable linear regression models. Participants in the 4th quartile (Q4) of Cd concentrations showed a non statistically-significant increased T2DM risk (Hazard Ratio (HR) Q4 vs Q1: 1.97; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.69, 5.66). This association was particularly strong and suggestive in current smokers (HR: 2.19; 95% CI: 0.98, 4.98). Interestingly, smokers in the 2nd tertile (T2) of adipose tissue Cd levels showed increased log-transformed insulin resistance (beta T2 vs T1: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.97), as well as higher log-transformed insulin levels (beta T2 vs T1: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.95). We found evidences supporting that Cd exposure, particularly from tobacco smoking, could be a risk factor for T2DM. In addition, our results support the potential relevance of adipose tissue as a matrix for Cd exposure assessment. 2024-11-05T10:46:13Z 2024-11-05T10:46:13Z 2021-08-01 journal article I. Salcedo-Bellido, C. Gómez-Peña, F.M. Pérez-Carrascosa et al. Adipose tissue cadmium concentrations as a potential risk factor for insulin resistance and future type 2 diabetes mellitus in GraMo adult cohort. Science of the Total Environment. 2021;780:146359. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146359 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/96647 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146359 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ embargoed access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional Elsevier