Canine Leishmaniasis: Update on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Morales Yuste, Manuel Martín Sánchez, Joaquina Corpas-López, Victoriano canine leishmaniasis leishmaniasis dog Dog are the main reservoir of Leishmania infantum, causing canine leishmaniasis, an incurable multisystemic disease that leads to death in symptomatic dogs, when not treated. This parasite causes visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis in people in the Mediterranean Basin, North Africa, South America, and West Asia. This disease is mostly unknown by veterinarians outside the endemic areas, but the disease is expanding in the Northern Hemisphere due to travel and climate change. New methodologies to study the epidemiology of the disease have found new hosts of leishmaniasis and drawn a completely new picture of the parasite biological cycle. Canine leishmaniasis diagnosis has evolved over the years through the analysis of new samples using novel molecular techniques. Given the neglected nature of leishmaniasis, progress in drug discovery is slow, and the few drugs that reach clinical stages in humans are unlikely to be commercialised for dogs, but several approaches have been developed to support chemotherapy. New-generation vaccines developed during the last decade are now widely used, along with novel prevention strategies. The implications of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of canine leishmaniasis are fundamental to public health. 2024-09-16T08:49:19Z 2024-09-16T08:49:19Z 2022-07-27 journal article Morales-Yuste, M.; Martín-Sánchez, J.; Corpas-Lopez, V. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 387. [https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9080387] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/94457 10.3390/vetsci9080387 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI