Rate of Torque Development Scaling Factor Decreased following a 6-Week Unilateral Isometric Training Using Electrostimulation or Voluntary Contractions Knezevic, Olivera M. Šarabon, Nejc García Ramos, Amador Majstorović, Nikola Milanović, Sladjan D. Filipović, Saša R. Mirkov, Dragan M. quadriceps strength RTD-SF This study explored the changes in the rate of torque development scaling factor (RTD-SF) and maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) variables following six weeks of unilateral isometric electromyostimulation (EMS) and voluntary (VOL) exercises. Twenty-six physically active participants were randomly assigned to EMS (n = 13) or a VOL group. MVC and RTD-SF of the quadriceps femoris of both legs were assessed before and after training. EMS and VOL exercises had identical frequency (three sessions/week), intensity (60% MVC), volume (40 contractions), and workto- rest ratio (18 min: 6.25 s of work/20 s of rest). There were no between-group differences for the trained leg with overall increases in maximal torque (Tmax) of ~29% (d = 2.11–2.12), ~13% for RTDmax (d = 0.92–1.10); ~23% for Intercept (d = 0.72–0.78), and reduction in RTD-SF by ~15% (d = 1.01–1.10). In the non-trained leg, significant moderate change was only observed after EMS for RTD-SF which decreased by 12.5% (d = 0.76). Both EMS and VOL training applied at equivalent workloads positively impact on Tmax, RTDmax, and Intercept, but they negatively affect the quickness with which muscle contracts across a wide range of submaximal forces. Using a moderate training intensity in regularly physically active participants could explain the absence of cross-education in the VOL group. 2024-09-03T10:49:06Z 2024-09-03T10:49:06Z 2024-06-25 journal article Knežević, O.M. et. al. 14, 6485. [https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156485] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/93841 10.3390/app14156485 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI