Advancing Content-Based Histopathological Image Retrieval Pre-Processing: A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Color Normalization Techniques Tabatabaei, Zahra Pérez Bueno, Fernando Colomer, Adrián Oliver Moll, Javier Molina Soriano, Rafael Naranjo, Valery Color Histopathological images Content Based Image Retrieval Whole slide imaging Author Keywords: color normalization; computer-aided diagnosis (CAD); content-based image retrieval (CBIR); histopathological images; whole-slide images (WSIs) Content-Based Histopathological Image Retrieval (CBHIR) is a search technique based on the visual content and histopathological features of whole-slide images (WSIs). CBHIR tools assist pathologists to obtain a faster and more accurate cancer diagnosis. Stain variation between hospitals hampers the performance of CBHIR tools. This paper explores the effects of color normalization (CN) in a recently proposed CBHIR approach to tackle this issue. In this paper, three different CN techniques were used on the CAMELYON17 (CAM17) data set, which is a breast cancer data set. CAM17 consists of images taken using different staining protocols and scanners in five hospitals. Our experiments reveal that a proper CN technique, which can transfer the color version into the most similar median values, has a positive impact on the retrieval performance of the proposed CBHIR framework. According to the obtained results, using CN as a pre-processing step can improve the accuracy of the proposed CBHIR framework to 97% (a 14% increase), compared to working with the original images. 2024-06-03T09:46:51Z 2024-06-03T09:46:51Z 2024-03-01 journal article Tabatabaei, Z.; Pérez Bueno, F.; Colomer, A.; Moll, J.O.; Molina, R.; Naranjo, V. Advancing Content- Based Histopathological Image Retrieval Pre-Processing: A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Color Normalization Techniques. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 2063. https:// doi.org/10.3390/app14052063 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/92252 10.3390/app14052063 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI