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   <ow:Publication rdf:about="oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/91961">
      <dc:title>Human urine does not protect acorns against predation by the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus): a field study with video recording</dc:title>
      <dc:creator>Castro Gutiérrez, Jorge</dc:creator>
      <dc:subject>Direct seeding</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fear response</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Forest restoration</dc:subject>
      <dc:description>Direct seeding is a revegetation method that can offer great advantages for forest restoration, but suffers the drawback of seed&#xd;
loss due to granivorous rodents. Thus, to make direct seeding a useful and scalable forest restoration method, we need to find&#xd;
ways to protect seeds against rodents. Scents produced by carnivorous or omnivorous animals that elicit a fear response on&#xd;
rodents are a promising group of substances that can be used to protect seeds and that have demonstrated effectiveness in a&#xd;
number of cases. Here, I test if human urine has a protective effect on Holm oak (Quercus ilex) acorns against predation by&#xd;
mice. Human urine would be much easier and cheaper to obtain than the urine of other animals, providing the possibility, if&#xd;
effective, to scale the application of a repellent substance. I set up a field experiment in an area with high wood mouse (Apodemus&#xd;
sylvaticus) abundance and used eight urine donors. Neither urine nor donor had any effect. Acorn removal was very fast&#xd;
and high, reaching 97.2% after 7 days. Video recording with camera traps showed that the woodmouse was the main predator,&#xd;
but the Eurasian jay also removed acorns. I conclude that human urine is not useful as a repellent against mice and suggest to&#xd;
focus efforts in finding other substances to repel seed predators.</dc:description>
      <dc:date>2024-05-22T09:26:08Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2024-05-22T09:26:08Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2024-03-12</dc:date>
      <dc:type>journal article</dc:type>
      <dc:identifier>Castro, J. (2024), Human urine does not protect acorns against predation by the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus): a field study with video recording. Restor Ecol e14139. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14139</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/10481/91961</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>10.1111/rec.14139</dc:identifier>
      <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
      <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/NextGenerationEU/TED2021-129690B-I00</dc:relation>
      <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>open access</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional</dc:rights>
      <dc:publisher>John Wiley &amp; Sons</dc:publisher>
   </ow:Publication>
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