Antiretroviral therapy as a factor protective against anal dysplasia in HIV-infected males who have sex with males Hidalgo Tenorio, Carmen Rivero Rodríguez, Mar Gil Anguita, Concepción López del Hierro, Mercedes Palma, Pablo Ramírez Taboada, Jessica Esquivias, Javier López Ruz, Miguel Ángel Javier, Rosario Pasquau Liaño, Juan Objectives: Chronic infection with oncogenic HPV genotype is associated with the development of anal dysplasia. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to decrease the incidence of cervical carcinoma in women with HIV. We sought to: 1) describe the prevalence and grade of anal dysplasia and HPV infection in our study subjects; 2) analyze the grade of correlation between anal cytology, PCR of high-risk HPV, and histology; 3) identify the factors associated with the appearance of $AIN2 lesions. Design: Cross-sectional, prospective study. Methods: A cohort of HIV-positive males (n = 140, mean age = 37 years) who have sex with males (MSM) had epidemiological, clinical and analytical data collected. Anal mucosa samples were taken for cytology, HPV PCR genotyping, and anoscopy for histological analysis. Results: Within the cohort, 77.1% were being treated with ART, 8.5% anoscopy findings were AIN2, and 11.4% carcinoma in situ; 74.2% had high-risk (HR), 59.7% low-risk (LR) HPV genotypes and 46.8% had both. The combination of cytology with PCR identifying HR-HPV better predicts the histology findings than either of these factors alone. Logistic regression highlighted ART as a protective factor against $AIN2 lesions (OR: 0.214; 95%CI: 0.054–0.84). Anal/genital condylomas (OR: 4.26; 95%CI: 1.27–14.3), and HPV68 genotype (OR: 10.6; 95%CI: 1.23–91.47) were identified as risk factors. Conclusions: In our cohort, ART has a protective effect against dysplastic anal lesions. Anal/genital warts and HPV68 genotype are predictors of $AIN2 lesions. Introducing PCR HPV genotype evaluation improves screening success over that of cytology alone 2024-04-22T10:25:19Z 2024-04-22T10:25:19Z 2014-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Rivero-Rodriguez M, Gil-Anguita C, Lopez De Hierro M, Palma P, et al. (2014) Antiretroviral Therapy as a Factor Protective against Anal Dysplasia in HIV-Infected Males Who Have Sex with Males. PLoS ONE 9(3): e92376. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092376 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/90997 10.1371/journal.pone.0092376 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License Chinese University of Hong Kong