Differentiated effects of formal and informal institutional distance between countries on the environmental performance of multinational enterprises Aguilera-Caracuel, Javier Hurtado Torres, Nuria Esther Aragón Correa, Juan Alberto Rugman, Alan M. Multinational enterprises Enviromental performance Formal and informal enviromental distance between countries This research examines the influence of environmental institutional distance between home and host countries on the standardization of environmental performance among multinational enterprises using ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression techniques and a sample of 128 multinationals from high-polluting industries. The paper examines the environmental institutional distance of countries using the concepts of formal and informal institutional distances. The results show that whereas a high formal environmental distance between home and host countries leads multinational enterprises to achieve a different level of environmental performance according to each country's legal requirements, a high informal environmental distance encourages these firms to unify their environmental performance independently of the countries in which their units are based. The study also discusses the implications for academia, managers, and policy makers. 2024-03-06T08:43:17Z 2024-03-06T08:43:17Z 2013 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Published version: Aguilera-Caracuel, J., Hurtado-Torres, N. E., Aragón-Correa, J. A., & Rugman, A. M. (2013). Differentiated effects of formal and informal institutional distance between countries on the environmental performance of multinational enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 66(12), 2657-2665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.04.002 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/89821 10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.04.002 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional