Integration of LoRaWAN and 4G/5G for Industrial Internet of Things Navarro Ortiz, Jorge Sendra Compte, Sandra Ameigeiras Gutiérrez, Pablo José López Soler, Juan Manuel IIoT LPWAN LoRaWAN 4G 5G This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (projects TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R and UNGR15-CE-3311). Current forecasts predict that Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) will account for about ten billion devices by 2020. Simultaneously, unlicensed Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) are gaining momentum due to their low cost, low power and long range characteristics, which are suitable for many IIoT applications, in addition to the usage of unlicensed bands. In this article, a solution is proposed to seamlessly integrate LoRaWAN, an open and standardized LPWAN technology, with 4G/5G mobile networks, thus allowing mobile network operators to reutilize their current infrastructures. This proposal is transparent to LoRaWAN end-devices and to the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), since only the LoRaWAN gateway is required to be modified. The gateway acts as an evolved Node B (eNB) from the core network perspective, implementing part of the eNB protocol stack. All data packets transported over the core network are both encrypted and integrity protected, hence achieving end-to-end security. As a proof-of-concept, this solution has been implemented and validated with an open-source EPC. 2024-01-17T12:55:44Z 2024-01-17T12:55:44Z 2018 journal article Published version: J. Navarro-Ortiz, S. Sendra, P. Ameigeiras and J. M. Lopez-Soler. "Integration of LoRaWAN and 4G/5G for the Industrial Internet of Things", in IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 60-67, Feb. 2018, [doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700625] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/86867 10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700625 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ open access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional