Blockchain in Agriculture: A PESTELS Analysis JAVIER Ordóñez García, Bonifacio Javier Martos Núñez, María Vanesa Blockchain Agriculture PESTELS Sustainability Supply chain Challenges Blockchain (BC) represents a disruptive technology that has been extensively used to ensure immutability of digital transactions. Starting as an underlying mechanism in the digital currency sector, it has been applicable in a wide range of sectors and application domains. Agriculture represents a sector of significance for overall sustainability challenges that is benefiting from digitalisation and technological evolution and the enforcement of Industry 4.0 paradigm shift towards precision agriculture. Introduction of Internet of Things, and Cyber-Physical Systems increase overall complexity, with Big Data analysis and Machine Learning technologies paving the way for innovative applications. BC appears to be a promising technology for agriculture introducing new mechanisms for tracing of products and overall agricultural Supply Chain management from the farm to the fork. The authors perform a review of 152 scientific works, providing a concise summary for each and extracting current challenges and open issues for the application of BC in agriculture. By synthesizing their findings, they perform a state of the art analysis along the PESTELS framework. A large number of challenges including technological ones, create big research potential for the evolution of the area. 2023-10-03T10:56:52Z 2023-10-03T10:56:52Z 2023-07-17 journal article J. Ordóñez, A. Alexopoulos, K. Koutras, A. Kalogeras, K. Stefanidis and V. Martos, "Blockchain in Agriculture: A PESTELS Analysis," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 73647-73679, 2023, [doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3295889] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/84806 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3295889 eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/Horizon2020/101007702 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ open access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional IEEE Xplore