Ambient air particulate total lung deposited surface area (LDSA) levels in urban Europe Liu, Xiansheng Casans, Andrea Casquero Vera, Juan Andrés Total lung deposited surface area Particle number size distribution Spatial variability Urban environment Traffic emissions This study is supported by the RI-URBANS project (Research Infrastructures Services Reinforcing Air Quality Monitoring Capacities in European Urban & amp; Industrial Areas, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Green Deal, European Commission, contract 101036245). This study is also supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42101470, 72242106) and in part by the Chunhui Project Foundation of the Education Department of China under Grant HZKY20220053. This study benefited from the Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS), especially the so-called ACTRIS-2 H2020 research project (grant no 654109), and the authors would like to thank ACTRIS (The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure), especially the ACTRIS in situ EBAS Data Centre (EBAS), for providing datasets to the study. This study is also partly funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, a partnership between UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) and Imperial College London, and the UK Natural Environment Re-search Council, and the views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR, UKHSA or the Department of Health and Social Care. The research was also supported by the Hungarian Research, Development and Innovation Office (grant no. K132254). We thank also the support from "Agencia Estatal de Investigacion" from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and FEDER funds under the projects CAIAC (PID2019-108990RB-I00); and the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2017 SGR41) and the Direccio General de Territori. IMT Nord Europe and LOA acknowledge financial support from the Labex CaPPA project, funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR-11-LABX-0005-01), and the CLIMIBIO and ECRIN projects, both financed by the Regional Council "Hauts-de-France" and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This study aims to picture the phenomenology of urban ambient total lung deposited surface area (LDSA) (including head/throat (HA), tracheobronchial (TB), and alveolar (ALV) regions) based on multiple path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model during 2017-2019 period collected from urban background (UB, n = 15), traffic (TR, n = 6), suburban background (SUB, n = 4), and regional background (RB, n = 1) monitoring sites in Europe (25) and USA (1). Briefly, the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the deposition of LDSA, including diel, weekly, and seasonal pat-terns, were analyzed. Then, the relationship between LDSA and other air quality metrics at each monitoring site was investigated. The result showed that the peak concentrations of LDSA at UB and TR sites are commonly observed in the morning (06:00-8:00 UTC) and late evening (19:00-22:00 UTC), coinciding with traffic rush hours, biomass burning, and atmospheric stagnation periods. The only LDSA night-time peaks are observed on weekends. Due to the variability of emission sources and meteorology, the seasonal variability of the LDSA concentration revealed sig-nificant differences (p = 0.01) between the four seasons at all monitoring sites. Meanwhile, the correlations of LDSA with other pollutant metrics suggested that Aitken and accumulation mode particles play a significant role in the total LDSA concentration. The results also indicated that the main proportion of total LDSA is attributed to the ALV fraction (50 %), followed by the TB (34 %) and HA (16 %). Overall, this study provides valuable information of LDSA as a predictor in epidemiological studies and for the first time presenting total LDSA in a variety of European urban environments. 2023-09-14T11:47:41Z 2023-09-14T11:47:41Z 2023-11-10 journal article X. Liu et al. Ambient air particulate total lung deposited surface area (LDSA) levels in urban Europe. Science of the Total Environment 898 (2023) 165466. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165466] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/84434 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165466 eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101036245 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ open access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional Elsevier