Blockchain-Based Services Implemented in a Microservices Architecture Using a Trusted Platform Module Applied to Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Cabrera Gutiérrez, Antonio J. Castillo Morales, María Encarnación Cruz Cozar, Juan Blockchain Containers Electrical vehicles EOS.IO Hardware security modules Trusted platform Module Virtualized environment Microservice architectures exploit container-based virtualized services, which rarely use hardware-based cryptography. A trusted platform module (TPM) offers a hardware root for trust in services that makes use of cryptographic operations. The virtualization of this hardware module offers high usability for other types of service that require TPM functionalities. This paper proposes the design of TPM virtualization in a container. To ensure integrity, different mechanisms, such as attestation and sealing, have been developed for the binaries and libraries stored in the container volumes. Through a REST API, the container offers the functionalities of a TPM, such as key generation and signing. To prevent unauthorized access to the container, this article proposes an authentication mechanism based on tokens issued by the Cognito Amazon Web Service. As a proof of concept and applicability in industry, a use case for electric vehicle charging stations using a microservice-based architecture is proposed. Using the EOS.IO blockchain to maintain a copy of the data, the virtualized TPM microservice provides the cryptographic operations necessary for blockchain transactions. Through a two-factor authentication mechanism, users can access the data. This scenario shows the potential of using blockchain technologies in microservice-based architectures, where microservices such as the virtualized TPM fill a security gap in these architectures. 2023-07-17T09:14:20Z 2023-07-17T09:14:20Z 2023-05-24 journal article Cabrera-Gutiérrez, A.J.; Castillo, E.; Escobar-Molero, A.; Cruz-Cozar, J.; Morales, D.P.; Parrilla, L. Blockchain-Based Services Implemented in Microservices Architecture Using TRUSTED Platform Module Applied to Electric Vehicles Charging Stations. Energies 2023, 16, 4285. [https://doi.org/10.3390/en16114285] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/83801 10.3390/en16114285 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI