Time of the day of exercise impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis Sevilla Lorente, R. Carneiro Barrera, Almudena Molina García, Pablo Ruiz, J.R Amaro Gahete, Francisco José Blood glucose Blood pressure Cardiovascular diseases Circadian clock Exercise Adults Objectives: To compare the effect of a single bout of morning vs. evening exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in adults. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search of studies was conducted using PubMed andWeb of Science from inception to June 2022. Selected studies accomplished the following criteria: crossover design, acute effect of exercise, blood pressure, blood glucose, and/or blood lipids as the study's endpoint, awashout period of at least 24 h, and adults.Meta-analysis was performed by analyzing: 1) separated effect of morning and evening exercise (pre vs. post); and 2) comparison between morning and evening exercise. Results: A total of 11 studies were included for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and 10 studies for blood glucose. Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference between morning vs. evening exercise for systolic blood pressure (g Δ=0.02), diastolic blood pressure (g Δ=0.01), or blood glucose (g Δ=0.15). Analysis of moderator variables (age, BMI, sex, health status, intensity and duration of exercise, and hour within the morning or evening) showed no significant morning vs. evening effect. Conclusions: Overall, we found no influence of the time of the day on the acute effect of exercise on blood pressure neither on blood glucose. 2023-06-21T09:13:41Z 2023-06-21T09:13:41Z 2023-03-11 journal article R. Sevilla-Lorente, A. Carneiro-Barrera, P. Molina-Garcia et al. Time of the day of exercise impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 26 (2023) 169–179[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2023.03.004] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/82679 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.03.004 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ open access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional Elsevier