Doped Electrospinned Material-Guides High Efficiency Regional Bone Regeneration Toledano Pérez, Manuel Vallecillo, Cristina Vallecillo Rivas, Marta Toledano Osorio, Manuel Zinc Doxycycline Silica Regeneration Bone cells Polymers Membrane Vascularization Macrophage Grant PID2020-114694RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI 10.13039/501100011033. M.T.-O. is Fellow FPU of Ministry of Universities [grant FPU20/0045]. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https:// www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/polym15071726/s1 The main target of bone tissue engineering is to design biomaterials that support bone regeneration and vascularization. Nanostructured membranes of (MMA)1-co-(HEMA)1/(MA)3- co-(HEA)2 loaded with 5% wt of SiO2-nanoparticles (Si-M) were doped with zinc (Zn-Si-M) or doxycycline (Dox-Si-M). Critical bone defects were effectuated on six New Zealand-bred rabbit skulls and then they were covered with the membranes. After six weeks, a histological analysis (toluidine blue technique) was employed to determine bone cell population as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteo- cytes, M1 and M2 macrophages and vasculature. Membranes covering the bone defect determined a higher count of bone cells and blood vessels than in the sham group at the top regions of the defect. Pro-inflammatory M1 appeared in a higher number in the top regions than in the bottom regions, when Si-M and Dox-Si-M were used. Samples treated with Dox-Si-M showed a higher amount of anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative M2 macrophages. The M1/M2 ratio obtained its lowest value in the absence of membranes. On the top regions, osteoblasts were more abundant when using Si-M and Zn-Si-M. Osteoclasts were equally distributed at the central and lateral regions. The sham group and samples treated with Zn-Si-M attained a higher number of osteocytes at the top regions. A preferential osteoconductive, osteoinductive and angiogenic clinical environment was created in the vicinity of the membrane placed on critical bone defects. 2023-05-23T10:18:46Z 2023-05-23T10:18:46Z 2023-03-30 journal article Toledano, M.; Vallecillo, C.; Serrera-Figallo, M.-A.; Vallecillo- Rivas, M.; Gutierrez-Corrales, A.; Lynch, C.D.; Toledano-Osorio, M. Doped Electrospinned Material- Guides High Efficiency Regional Bone Regeneration. Polymers 2023, 15, 1726. [https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15071726] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/81757 10.3390/polym15071726 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI