Bioconversion of Cheese Whey and Food By-Products by Phaeodactylum tricornutum into Fucoxanthin and n-3 Lc-PUFA through a Biorefinery Approach Luca Russo, Giovanni Verardo, Vito Martín García, Beatriz PUFA Sustainability Food by-products Bioconversion Biorefinery Dairy wastewater Microalgae This study investigates the potential of utilizing three food wastes: cheese whey (CW), beet molasses (BM), and corn steep liquor (CSL) as alternative nutrient sources for the cultivation of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a promising source of polyunsaturated eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and the carotenoid fucoxanthin. The CW media tested did not significantly impact the growth rate of P. tricornutum; however, CW hydrolysate significantly enhances cell growth. BM in cultivation medium enhances biomass production and fucoxanthin yield. The optimization of the new food waste medium was conducted through the application of a response surface methodology (RSM) using hydrolyzed CW, BM, and CSL as factors. The results showed a significant positive impact of these factors (p < 0.005), with an optimized biomass yield of 2.35 g L-1 and a fucoxanthin yield of 3.64 mg L-1 using a medium composed of 33 mL L-1 of CW, 2.3 g L-1 of BM, and 2.24 g L-1 of CSL. The experimental results reported in this study showed that some food by-products from a biorefinery perspective could be utilized for the efficient production of fucoxanthin and other high-added-value products such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). 2023-05-18T09:40:27Z 2023-05-18T09:40:27Z 2023-03-19 journal article Russo, G.L.; Langellotti, A.L.; Verardo, V.; Martín-García, B.; Oliviero, M.; Baselice, M.; Di Pierro, P.; Sorrentino, A.; Viscardi, S.; Marileo, L.; et al. Bioconversion of Cheese Whey and Food By-Products by Phaeodactylum tricornutum into Fucoxanthin and n-3 Lc-PUFA through a Biorefinery Approach. Mar. Drugs 2023, 21, 190. [https://doi.org/ 10.3390/md21030190] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/81644 10.3390/md21030190 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI