Molecular Mechanisms of the Protective Effects of Olive Leaf Polyphenols against Alzheimer’s Disease Romero Márquez, José Manuel Forbes Hernández, Tamara Yuliett Navarro Hortal, María Dolores Sánchez González, Cristina Quiles Morales, José Luis Olive leaves Bioactive compounds Alzheimer’s disease Hydroxytyrosol Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the cause of around 60–70% of global cases of dementia and approximately 50 million people have been reported to suffer this disease worldwide. The leaves of olive trees (Olea europaea) are the most abundant by-products of the olive grove industry. These by-products have been highlighted due to the wide variety of bioactive compounds such as oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) with demonstrated medicinal properties to fight AD. In particular, the olive leaf (OL), OLE, and HT reduced not only amyloid-β formation but also neurofibrillary tangles formation through amyloid protein precursor processing modulation. Although the isolated olive phytochemicals exerted lower cholinesterase inhibitory activity, OL demonstrated high inhibitory activity in the cholinergic tests evaluated. The mechanisms underlying these protective effects may be associated with decreased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via NF-κB and Nrf2 modulation, respectively. Despite the limited research, evidence indicates that OL consumption promotes autophagy and restores loss of proteostasis, which was reflected in lower toxic protein aggregation in AD models. Therefore, olive phytochemicals may be a promising tool as an adjuvant in the treatment of AD 2023-05-04T08:37:27Z 2023-05-04T08:37:27Z 2023-02-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Romero-Márquez, J.M.; Forbes-Hernández, T.Y.; Navarro-Hortal, M.D.; Quirantes-Piné, R.; Grosso, G.; Giampieri, F.; Lipari, V.; Sánchez-González, C.; Battino, M.; Quiles, J.L. Molecular Mechanisms of the Protective Effects of Olive Leaf Polyphenols against Alzheimer’s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 4353. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054353] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/81324 10.3390/ijms24054353 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI