Cultural Differences in How People Deal with Ridicule and Laughter: Differential Item Functioning between the Taiwanese Chinese and Canadian English Versions of the PhoPhiKat-45 Lau, Chloe Torres Marín, Jorge Laughter Ridicule Humour Cross-cultural differences Differential item functioning Gelotophobia Gelotophilia Katagelasticism The PhoPhiKat-45 measures three dispositions toward ridicule and laughter, including gelotophobia (i.e., the fear of being laughed at), gelotophilia (i.e., the joy of being laughed at), and katagelasticism (i.e., the joy of laughing at others). Despite numerous cultural adaptations, there is a paucity of cross-cultural studies investigating measurement invariance of this measure. Undergraduate students from a Canadian university (N = 1467; 71.4% females) and 14 universities in Taiwan (N = 1274; 64.6% females) completed the English and Chinese PhoPhiKat-45 measures, respectively. Item response theory and differential item functioning analyses demonstrated that most items were well-distributed across the latent continuum. Five of 45 items were flagged for DIF, but all values had negligible effect sizes (McFadden’s pseudo R2 < 0.13). The Canadian sample was further subdivided into subsamples who identified as European White born in Canada (n = 567) and Chinese born in China, Hong Kong, or Taiwan (n = 180). In the subgroup analyses, no evidence of DIF was found. Findings support the utility of this measure across these languages and samples. 2023-03-27T10:47:27Z 2023-03-27T10:47:27Z 2023-01-20 journal article Lau, C... [et al.]. Cultural Differences in How People Deal with Ridicule and Laughter: Differential Item Functioning between the Taiwanese Chinese and Canadian English Versions of the PhoPhiKat-45. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13, 238–258. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13020019] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/80872 10.3390/ejihpe13020019 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI