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      <dc:title>Prevalence of Depression and Related Factors among Patients with Chronic Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</dc:title>
      <dc:creator>García Lara, Rubén A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Suleiman Martos, Nora</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Quesada Caballero, Miguel</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gómez Urquiza, Jose Luis</dc:creator>
      <dc:subject>COVID-19</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Chronic disease</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Depression</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prevalence</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Related factors</dc:subject>
      <dc:description>The management of chronic diseases in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic is especially&#xd;
challenging, and reducing potential psychological harm is essential. This review aims to determine&#xd;
the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with chronic disease, and&#xd;
to characterize the impacts of related factors. A systematic review was conducted in accordance&#xd;
with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.&#xd;
The meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect software. The review identified 33 articles with&#xd;
a total of 50,905 patients with chronic diseases. Four meta-analyses were performed to estimate&#xd;
the prevalence of depression. In diabetic patients, the prevalence ranged from 17% (95% CI = 7–31)&#xd;
(PHQ-9) to 33% (95% CI = 16–51) (PHQ-8); in obese patients, the prevalence was 48% (95% CI = 26–71);&#xd;
and in hypertensive patients, the prevalence was 18% (95% CI = 13–24). The factors significantly&#xd;
associated with depression were female sex, being single, deterioration in the clinical parameters&#xd;
of diabetes, a decrease in self-care behavior, reduced physical activity and sleep time and fear of&#xd;
contagion. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased levels of depression among persons&#xd;
with chronic disease. Pandemics and other emergency events have a major impact on mental health,&#xd;
so early psychological interventions and health management policies are needed to reinforce chronic&#xd;
patients’ physical and mental health.</dc:description>
      <dc:date>2023-01-16T09:52:16Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2023-01-16T09:52:16Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2022-12-08</dc:date>
      <dc:type>journal article</dc:type>
      <dc:identifier>García-Lara, R.A... [et al.]. Prevalence of Depression and Related Factors among Patients with Chronic Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 3094. [https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123094]</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/10481/79015</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>10.3390/diagnostics12123094</dc:identifier>
      <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
      <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>open access</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>Atribución 4.0 Internacional</dc:rights>
      <dc:publisher>MDPI</dc:publisher>
   </ow:Publication>
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